On the Water Electrolysis with Photovoltaic Solar Energy for Hydrogen Production
A. Benghnia,
B. Nabil,
R. Ben Slama,
B. Chaouachi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
34-47
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
29 December 2016
Published:
10 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170202.11
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Abstract: In this paper we investigated the parameters determining the performance of hydrogen production by using the solar water electrolysis system (SWES), without the need of high additional electrical energy. The electrolyte after and before using in solar electrolysis was described to understand the mechanism responsible on the hydrogen production enhancement. Additionally, the employed electrolyte (deposit) was characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As results the salt addition can obtained 40% more hydrogen efficiency. Also the pH values that varied between 3 to 6 and 8.5 to 12 could further improve hydrogen yield. The deposit provided a discriminate environment which is proposed to be responsible for the hydrogen production improvement. In addition, hydroxyl ions are mainly transported through the exchange anion, to maintain charge neutrality, and thus the anode and cathode electrode resulting in a low transport resistance. This can be assumed that the proton transport facilitated by water permeation can lower the transport resistance, and consequently increase hydrogen production.
Abstract: In this paper we investigated the parameters determining the performance of hydrogen production by using the solar water electrolysis system (SWES), without the need of high additional electrical energy. The electrolyte after and before using in solar electrolysis was described to understand the mechanism responsible on the hydrogen production enha...
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Determination of Azelastine Hydrochloride and Benzalkonium Chloride in Their Ophthalmic Solution by Different Spectrophotometric Methods
Mohamed E. M. Hassouna,
Maha M. Abdelrahman,
Mahmoud A. Mohamed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
48-56
Received:
8 February 2017
Accepted:
23 February 2017
Published:
10 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170202.12
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Abstract: Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods for the determination of a binary mixture of Azelastine hydrochloride (AZH) and Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in pure and in their Dosage forms. The methods namely; (A) zero order (D0), (B) ratio difference (RD) and (C)ratio subtraction (RS). In method (A), AZH could be directly determined in the zero order at wave length equals to 284 nm in the range (5.0–50 μg/mL) with good correlation coefficient (0.9994), where no interference from BAC is reported. While BAC was determined by different methods in the range (2.0–30 μg/mL). In method (B) BAC determination depends on dividing the spectrum of the binary mixture by the standard spectrum of 20μg/mL AZH as a divisor, then BAC is determined using the difference between the two wavelengths 262 & 208 nm, we here BAC has absorbances and AZH is constant, the difference = (ΔP262.0-208.0) with good correlation coefficient (0.9994). Finally, in method (C) BAC can be determined by dividing the spectrum of the binary mixture by the standard spectrum of 10 μg/mL AZH as a dvisor, then a constant, which is determined as the mean value of the absorbances in the plateau region (230–300 nm), is subtracted; after multiplication by the divisor we obtain a zero order (D0) original spectrum of BAC at 208.0 nm with good correlation coefficient (0.9992). Accuracy, recovery and the selectivity of the developed methods are applied on the laboratory prepared mixtures, standard addition technique and pharmaceutical dosage form. The obtained results for the suggested methods are statistically compared with the reported HPLC one using student’s-t and F-ratio tests, showing that the two methods are accurate and precise.
Abstract: Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods for the determination of a binary mixture of Azelastine hydrochloride (AZH) and Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in pure and in their Dosage forms. The methods namely; (A) zero order (D0), (B) ratio difference (RD) and (C)ratio subtraction (RS). In method (A), AZH could be directly ...
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Characterization of Physical, Structural, Thermal, and Behavioral Properties of the Consciousness Healing Treated Zinc Chloride
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Barry Dean Wellborn,
Deborah Lea Smith,
Dezi Ann Koster,
Elizabeth Patric,
Jagdish Singh,
Kathleen Starr Vagt,
Krista Joanne Callas,
Parthasarathi Panda,
Kalyan Kumar Sethi,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
57-66
Received:
24 February 2017
Accepted:
9 March 2017
Published:
1 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170202.13
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Abstract: Zinc chloride is an important pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compound used as a source of zinc. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, thermal, and behavioral properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts – one part was control, while another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by seven renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. A significant alteration of the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks was observed in The Trivedi Effect® treated sample compared with the control sample. A sharp peak at 2θ equal to 16.58° was observed in the control sample, but it was disappeared in the treated sample. The average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly reduced by 21.31% compared with the control sample. The particle size values at d10, d50, and d90 were significantly decreased by 8.15%, 6.28%, and 5.26%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The surface area of the treated sample was significantly increased by 7.14% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample were found at 510 cm-1 and 511 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that wavelength of the maximum absorbance (λmax) of both the control and treated samples was at 196 nm. The DSC analysis exhibited that the melting and decomposition temperature were decreased by 0.29% and 0.28%, respectively in the treated zinc chloride compared to the control sample. The latent heat of fusion of the treated sample (370.48 J/g) was increased significantly by 97.71% compared with the control sample (187.39 J/g). This results indicated that zinc chloride need more heat energy to undergo the process of melting after Biofield Energy Treatment. The enthalpy of decomposition of the treated sample was significantly decreased by 15.40% compared with the control sample. The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might lead to produce a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which would be more soluble, bioavailable and latent heat of fusion compared with the untreated compound. Hence, the treated zinc chloride would be very useful to design better nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
Abstract: Zinc chloride is an important pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compound used as a source of zinc. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, thermal, and behavioral properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-I...
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Characterization of the Physicochemical, Spectral, Thermal and Behavioral Properties of Sodium Selenate: An Effect of the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Michael Peter Ellis,
James Jeffery Peoples,
James Joseph Meuer,
Johanne Dodon,
John Lawrence Griffin,
John Suzuki,
Joseph Michael Foty,
Judy Weber,
Julia Grace McCammon,
Karen Brynes Allen,
Kathryn Regina Sweas,
Lezley Jo-Anne Wright,
Lisa A. Knoll,
Madeline E. Michaels,
Margaret Kweya Wahl,
Mark E. Stutheit,
Michelle Barnard,
Muriel Mae Ranger,
Paromvong Sinbandhit,
V. J. Kris Elig,
Kalyan Kumar Sethi,
Parthasarathi Panda,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
67-76
Received:
27 February 2017
Accepted:
13 April 2017
Published:
2 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170202.14
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Abstract: Sodium selenate is a source of an essential nutrient selenium used for the prevention and treatment of cancer, heart diseases, viral diseases, diabetes, infectious diseases, etc. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect®) on the physico-chemical, thermal, and behavioral properties of sodium selenate using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Sodium selenate was divided into two parts – one part was control/untreated sample, while another part was treated with Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment remotely by twenty renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as the treated sample. The PXRD diffractograms showed sharp and intense peaks in both the samples, indicated both the samples were crystalline in nature. The crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly altered in the range of -16.66% to 50.07% compared with the control sample. Consequently, the average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly increased by 9.57% compared to the control sample. The particle size of the treated sample at d10, d50, and d90 values were significantly increased by 9.47%, 19.06%, and 27.81%, respectively compared with the control sample. Thus, the surface area of the treated sample was significantly decreased by 9.16% compared to the control sample. The control and treated FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of sharp and strong absorption bands at 888 cm-1 due to the Se=O stretching. The wavelength of the maximum absorbance of the control and Biofield Energy Treated sodium selenate were at 206.3 nm and 205.9 nm, respectively in UV-vis spectroscopy. TGA analysis indicated that the total weight loss of the treated sample was reduced by 0.71% compared to the control sample. The DSC analysis showed that the vaporization temperature of the treated sample (94.97°C) was slightly decreased compared to the control sample (95.30°C). But, the latent heat of vaporization was significantly increased in the treated sample by 45.31% compared to the control sample. Thus, The Trivedi Effect® might lead to generate a new polymorphic form of sodium selenate, which would have better powder flowability and long-term storage stability compared with the control sample. The Biofield Energy Treated sodium selenate would be very useful to design better nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations which might offer a better therapeutic response against cancer, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, immunological disorders, stress, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, heart diseases, viral diseases, diabetes, infectious diseases, etc.
Abstract: Sodium selenate is a source of an essential nutrient selenium used for the prevention and treatment of cancer, heart diseases, viral diseases, diabetes, infectious diseases, etc. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect®) on the physico-chemical, thermal, and behavioral prop...
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