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Antioxidant Evaluation of Three Sudanese Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Medicine
Sufyan Awadelkarim,
Alsiddig Osama,
Eltayeb Fadul
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
77-79
Received:
26 March 2017
Accepted:
17 April 2017
Published:
10 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.11
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Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Solenostemma argel, Commiphora myrrha and Vernonia amygdaline. The antioxidant activities were conducted via DPPH radical scavenging and iron chelating assays. Potent antioxidant activity was presented by S. argel for both DPPH and iron chelating ability. The highest chelating ability was showed by the petroleum ether extract with 60%. The other tested plants showed low antioxidant potential. This study give rise to antioxidant property of S. argel.
Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Solenostemma argel, Commiphora myrrha and Vernonia amygdaline. The antioxidant activities were conducted via DPPH radical scavenging and iron chelating assays. Potent antioxidant activity was presented by S. argel for both DPPH and iron chelating ability. The highest chelatin...
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Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Beam House Tannery Effluents by Simplified Spectrophotometric Method Using Methylene Blue
Raymond T. Iorhemen,
Aondona M. Iorhemba,
Christopher Kpega,
Lois N. Audu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
80-84
Received:
19 July 2017
Accepted:
31 July 2017
Published:
17 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.12
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Abstract: A simplified spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of anionic surfactants (AS), based on the formation of the ionic pair AS – MB (Anionic Surfactants – Methylene Blue). In this method, the quantity of chloroform used was greatly reduced as well as the time and quantity of sample necessary to perform the assay. The filtration stage was also eliminated. The method used is simplified because it displaces the transfer equilibrium of the ionic pair AS – MB towards the organic phase and augments the volumetric relationship of chloroform/sample. The concentration of the AS in the beam house tannery effluents was found to be 1.16 mg/L of AS as against the limit of 15 mg/L set by FEPA showing that the concentration of the AS released into the environment at the moment does not necessarily pose a threat to the environment. Except if it is accumulated over time. The molar absorptivity of the azodye coupled with MB was found to be 5.65998 x 104 dm3mol-1cm-1.
Abstract: A simplified spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of anionic surfactants (AS), based on the formation of the ionic pair AS – MB (Anionic Surfactants – Methylene Blue). In this method, the quantity of chloroform used was greatly reduced as well as the time and quantity of sample necessary to perform the assay. The filtration stag...
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Combustion Characteristics and Stability of Methane-Air Mixtures in Catalytic Microreactors
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
85-95
Received:
28 May 2017
Accepted:
31 July 2017
Published:
22 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.13
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Abstract: Combustion characteristics and stability of premixed methane-air mixtures in catalytic microreactors are studied numerically, using a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model with detailed chemistry and multicomponent transport. In order to understand how to design microreactors with enhanced stability and robustness, the reaction and transport of methane-air mixtures are studied, and the role of operating conditions is evaluated. The primary focus is on computational fluid dynamics as a means of understanding energy management at small scales. It is shown that an appropriate choice of the flow velocity is crucial in achieving the self-sustained operation. Large gradients in temperature and species concentration are observed, despite the small scales of the system. The flow velocity plays a dual, competing role in flame stability. Low flow velocities reduce the heat generation, whereas high flow velocities reduce the convective time-scale. There is a narrow regime of flow velocities that allows self-sustained operation. When a low-power system is desired, highly insulating materials should be preferred, whereas a high-power system would favor highly conductive materials. Engineering maps are constructed, and design recommendations are finally made.
Abstract: Combustion characteristics and stability of premixed methane-air mixtures in catalytic microreactors are studied numerically, using a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model with detailed chemistry and multicomponent transport. In order to understand how to design microreactors with enhanced stability and robustness, the reaction and tra...
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Organoleptic and Physicochemical Properties of Algerian Lemon Essential Oil
Hicham Boughendjioua,
Samah Djeddi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
96-100
Received:
25 July 2017
Accepted:
11 August 2017
Published:
30 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.14
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Abstract: The objective of this work is to study the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the essential oil of Limon (Citrus limon) grown in Collo, Skikda city (Algeria). The evaluation of the yield of essential oil extracted by cold expression is: 1.0%. The qualitative and quantitative analysis by (GC / MS) of the essential oil allowed to identify 53 compounds which represent: 99.938%, the main ones being: Limonene (61.647%), β.-Pinene (13.852%), γ.-Terpinene (9.959%) followed by other low-molecules: α.-Pinene (2.279%), Myrcene (1.888%), α.-Citral (1.702%), β.-Citral (1.046%), β.-Bisabolene (1.026%) totaling approximately: 93.399%. The density is: 0.855 ± 0.005. The measurement of the refractive index calculated and brought to 20°C is of low light refraction: 1.4700 ± 0.005. The boiling and evaporation index are values: (180-188°C).
Abstract: The objective of this work is to study the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the essential oil of Limon (Citrus limon) grown in Collo, Skikda city (Algeria). The evaluation of the yield of essential oil extracted by cold expression is: 1.0%. The qualitative and quantitative analysis by (GC / MS) of the essential oil allowed to identify...
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Termiticidal Evaluation of Jatropha curcas (Linn), Thevetia peruviana (Pers) and Moringa oleifera (Lam) Seed Extracts on Gmelina arborea (Roxb) and Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Wood
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo,
Veronica Eyakamo Abu,
John Vershima Anyam
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
101-108
Received:
26 July 2017
Accepted:
11 August 2017
Published:
1 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.15
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Abstract: This study was intended at developing cheap and eco-friendly wood preservatives from Jatropha curcas, Thevetia peruviana and Moringa oleifera seed extracts for the control of termites on Gmelina arborea and Daniellia oliveri wood species. Seeds were collected from Makurdi Timber Shed, dried, and pounded into powder. Seed extracts were prepared using n hexane and hot water extraction methods. The oil extracts were vaporized and 10%, 20% and 30% were constituted. Wooden samples of Gmelina arborea and Daniellia oliveri were cut to 2 cm x 2 cm x 4 cm, air dried for 3 days and soaked in each plant extracts for 24 hours. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates was used with a total of 21 treatments including untreated, solvent treated and Solignum treated wood. Phytochemical screening of seed extracts showed the presence of flavonoids and steroids. Incidence of termites attack on Daniellia oliveri wood started from week 3 on 10% Jatropha curcas, Thevetia peruviana, Moringa oleifera oil treated, n hexane treated and untreated. While attack on Gmelina arborea wood started in week 5 on n hexane treated and untreated. Whereas attack on 30% Jatropha curcas, Thevetia peruviana, Moringa oleifera oil treated wood started in week 7. Percentage weight loss of Gmelina arborea wood (17.44%) and Daniellia oliveri wood (25.85%) were least with 30% Thevetia peruviana n hexane treatment compared with unteated Gmelina arborea and Daniellia oliveri wood (58.06% and 69.36%) respectively. It was observed that Gmelina arborea was more resistant to termite attack than Daniellia oliveri.
Abstract: This study was intended at developing cheap and eco-friendly wood preservatives from Jatropha curcas, Thevetia peruviana and Moringa oleifera seed extracts for the control of termites on Gmelina arborea and Daniellia oliveri wood species. Seeds were collected from Makurdi Timber Shed, dried, and pounded into powder. Seed extracts were prepared usin...
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Isolation and Characterization of Starch from Unripe Plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) Peels
Ezeh Vincentia Ogechukwu,
Obidiegwu Martin Uzodinma,
Uzoma Paul Chinonso,
Obasi Henry Chinedu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
109-115
Received:
25 July 2017
Accepted:
2 August 2017
Published:
4 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.16
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Abstract: Starch isolated from unripe plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) peels was characterised for proximate composition (moisture content, ash content and pH) and functional properties. The morphology of the starch granule and particle size were determined using scanning electron microscopy technique. The yield of starch from the unripe peels was 1.86% (1.86g/kg) on a dry weight basis, and the starch contained 12.60% moisture, 0.47% ash and had a pH value of 7.49 at 25°C. Studies on the functional properties gave values of bulk density, tapped density, particle density, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity and dispersibility as 0.46g/ml, 0.56g/ml, 1.18g/ml. 1.662 (166.2%), 1.3848 (138.48%) and 84% respectively. The morphology of the starch granule indicated a smooth, irregular, rod-like and highly elongated granule. The analysis of some of the flow properties of starch showed the good flowability property of plantain peel starch. Results obtained from proximate and physicochemical analysis portrayed the potentials of unripe plantain peel starch for industrial applications, especially in the pharmaceutical industries.
Abstract: Starch isolated from unripe plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) peels was characterised for proximate composition (moisture content, ash content and pH) and functional properties. The morphology of the starch granule and particle size were determined using scanning electron microscopy technique. The yield of starch from the unripe peels was 1.86% (1.86g/kg...
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Obtaining & Analysis of the Binary Systems of Juglone with β-Cyclodextrin
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
116-119
Received:
31 July 2017
Accepted:
16 August 2017
Published:
4 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20170203.17
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Abstract: This study evaluates the ability of obtaining and of analysis of the binary systems of juglone with β-cyclodextrin using the simplest method of complexation - the kneading method. The purpose of this paper is to obtain and to investigate the binary systems of juglone with β-cyclodextrin. The obtained systems were analyzed with the spectrometric method in IR. In its turn, the given purpose gave the formulation of the following research objectives: a) the creation of a binary system that could reduce the toxic properties of juglone and enhance its antiseptic properties; b) the analysis of the influence of the quantity of water in the obtaining of the complex compounds by the method of kneading; c) the applying of the spectrometric method in IR in order to evaluate the efficiency of the research. Thus, it was found that the complexation process of juglone with β-cyclodextrin is more efficient with the use of water acting as facilitator of the formation of the proposed complex system, both substances being hydrophobic they tend to form a common complex.
Abstract: This study evaluates the ability of obtaining and of analysis of the binary systems of juglone with β-cyclodextrin using the simplest method of complexation - the kneading method. The purpose of this paper is to obtain and to investigate the binary systems of juglone with β-cyclodextrin. The obtained systems were analyzed with the spectrometric met...
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