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Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Thymol
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Parthasarathi Panda,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
1-8
Received:
10 May 2016
Accepted:
25 June 2016
Published:
15 July 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.11
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Abstract: Thymol is a natural monoterpenoid phenol possessing various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, etc. The stable isotope ratio analysis has drawn attention in numerous fields such as agricultural, food authenticity, biochemistry, metabolism, medical research, etc. An investigation of the effect of the biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect®) on the isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in thymol using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry was attempted in this study. The sample, thymol was divided into two parts - one part was denoted as control and another part was referred as biofield energy treated sample that was given Mr. Trivediꞌs unique biofield energy. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were represented to different time interval analysis of the biofield treated thymol. The GC-MS spectra of the both control and biofield treated thymol indicated the presence of molecular ion peak [M+] at m/z 150 (calculated 150.10 for C10H14O) along with the similar pattern of fragmentation. The relative intensities of the parent molecule and other fragmented ions of the biofield treated thymol were enhanced as compared to the control thymol. The percentage change of the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in the biofield treated thymol at T1, T2, T3 and T4 was increased by 3.25, 6.31, 96.75, and 140.25%, respectively as compared to the control thymol. In addition, the percentage change of the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM was increased in the biofield treated thymol at T1, T2, T3, and T4 by 5.33, 8.00, 101.33, and 140.00%, respectively with respect to the control sample. In summary, 13C, 2H, and 17O contributions from (C10H14O) + to m/z 151 and 18O contribution from (C10H14O) + to m/z 152 in the biofield treated thymol were significantly increased gradually with respect to the time and was found that biofield energy treatment has time dependent effect on it. Hence, the biofield energy treated thymol might display altered isotope effects such as physicochemical and thermal properties, binding energy and the reaction kinetics with respect to the control sample. So, biofield energy treated thymol could be advantageous for designing the synthetic scheme for the preparation of pharmaceuticals through its kinetic isotope effects. Besides, biofield treated thymol might be useful to overcome the problems associated with thymol for e.g. pungent flavor, high dose requirement for the activity through understanding its isotope effects and the determination of its pharmacokinetic profile, bioavailability.
Abstract: Thymol is a natural monoterpenoid phenol possessing various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, etc. The stable isotope ratio analysis has drawn attention in numerous fields such as agricultural, food authenticity, biochemistry, metabolism, medical research, etc. An investigation of the effect of the biofield energy treat...
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Dye Sensitized TiO2 Nanopore Thin Films with Antimicrobial Activity Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Under Visible Light
P. M. Perillo,
F. C. Getz
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
9-15
Received:
6 September 2016
Accepted:
22 September 2016
Published:
14 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.12
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Abstract: In this work the antimicrobial activity of TiO2 nanopore thin films sensitized by Copper tetracarboxyphthalocyanines (TcPcCu) was investigated. TiO2 thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering and the sensitization process was done by adsorption process. The samples were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, diffuse reflectance and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the antimicrobial effect against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) under visible irradiation on TiO2 and TcPcCu/TiO2 was studied. The antimicrobial assay showed that TcPcCu/TiO2 thin films reach 80.4% (+/3.4) of inhibition of MRSA growth after visible irradiation.
Abstract: In this work the antimicrobial activity of TiO2 nanopore thin films sensitized by Copper tetracarboxyphthalocyanines (TcPcCu) was investigated. TiO2 thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering and the sensitization process was done by adsorption process. The samples were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform...
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Fly Ash Building Concrete
Mahmoud Mohsen Ali Ahmed Alsayes
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
16-21
Received:
3 September 2016
Accepted:
22 September 2016
Published:
15 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.13
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Abstract: Despite its significant importance in the economy growth, concrete industry faces several environmental and economic challenges like the emissions of toxic gases during production and high prices of the products, respectively. Consequently, the project aims to produce an alternative solution to the conventional concrete by following the design requirements of low cost, high efficiency and through recycling the fly ash, another industrial pollutant. The idea depends on mixing the fly ash with a liquid alkaline activator, under certain conditions to produce solidified concrete that has proven efficiency after testing. Finally, the mixture, put for 24 hours in 75°C in dry oven to solidify, has shown the best results. In conclusion it can be easily deduced that such cement is an eco-friendly cheap alternative to conventional concrete; in addition to getting rid of another pollutant.
Abstract: Despite its significant importance in the economy growth, concrete industry faces several environmental and economic challenges like the emissions of toxic gases during production and high prices of the products, respectively. Consequently, the project aims to produce an alternative solution to the conventional concrete by following the design requ...
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Synthesis, Characterisation and Biological Activity of Mixed Ligand Complex of Ni(II) with Furfuralurea and Thiourea
Idoko Owoicho,
Emmanuel Stella,
Abubakar Salisu,
Thomas Sunday Asuquo
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
22-25
Received:
10 October 2016
Accepted:
1 November 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.14
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Abstract: A novel mixed ligand complex of the type [M(FU)2A2] where M is Ni(II), FU is furfuralurea and A is thiourea was synthesized, characterized by solubility test, melting point, conductivity measurement, infrared and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The mixed ligand complex of the Ni II was also tested against Proteus mirabilis, Staphlococus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeriginosa. The in vitro evaluation of the biological studies of the mixed ligand complex showed greater activity against Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia at 60 ug/ml/disc with the minimum zone of inhibition of 13mm and 14mm respectively. The conductivity measurement revealed that the complex is a non electrolyte. The different shade of colour of the complex from the ligand, the shift of the band of the carbonyl functional group to a lower wavelength are evidences of coordination between the metal and the ligands. An octahedral geometry was suggested for the complex. The solubility test shows that the complex is soluble in methanol and dimethylsulphoxide.
Abstract: A novel mixed ligand complex of the type [M(FU)2A2] where M is Ni(II), FU is furfuralurea and A is thiourea was synthesized, characterized by solubility test, melting point, conductivity measurement, infrared and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The mixed ligand complex of the Ni II was also tested against Proteus mirabilis, Staphlococus aureus, E. coli, Klebs...
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The Effects of Supporting Electrolyte and Tonicity on Ionic Strength and Conductivity of Physiological Solutions
Benevolent Orighomisan Atolaiye,
Edward-Ekpu Douglas Uwagbale
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
26-29
Received:
8 October 2016
Accepted:
27 October 2016
Published:
14 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.15
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Abstract: This study was aimed at providing information on the effects brought on by hypotonicity and supporting electrolytes on ionic strength and conductivity of physiological solutions. Isotonic and 50% hypotonic solutions of chloride and chloride+sulphate salts were prepared, taking into account their molecular weight and osmotic concentration. Their specific conductivity and molar conductivity were measured at 25°C using a pH/conductivity meter. There was a decrease in specific and molar conductivity of all the electrolyte studied as a result of 50% hypotonicity except for CaCl 2+CaSO4 solution. Tonicity had more effect on the molar conductivity of week electrolytes. The addition of supporting electrolyte resulted in an increase in the calculated ionic strength and molar conductivity. It also resulted in an increase in the specific conductivity of the resultant supported solutions except CaCl2+CaSO4 and MgCl2+MgSO4 solutions. The relative ionic strengths of the electrolytes could not be determined from their specific conductivity because the contribution of multivalent supporting electrolyte ions to ionic concentration is not evident in the specific conductivity of the resultant solutions.
Abstract: This study was aimed at providing information on the effects brought on by hypotonicity and supporting electrolytes on ionic strength and conductivity of physiological solutions. Isotonic and 50% hypotonic solutions of chloride and chloride+sulphate salts were prepared, taking into account their molecular weight and osmotic concentration. Their spe...
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African Cereals and Non-African Cereals: A Comparative Review of Their Nutritional Composition
Edward-Ekpu Douglas Uwagbale,
Audu Stephen Saratu,
Odiba Victor Akagwu,
Okopi Ochaba Stephen,
Affiku Manyi Lilian
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
30-37
Received:
7 October 2016
Accepted:
28 October 2016
Published:
7 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjac.20160101.16
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Abstract: Cereals were classified according to origin and major producing area, and their nutritional composition compared. Data from researches on nutritional composition of cereals were compiled, categorised and compared. African Cereals (AC) were found to be richer than NAC in all the amino acids covered in this study except in lysine and tyrosine. AC have lower fat, higher carbohydrate and ash contents though acha and oat were observed to have the highest ash contents in this study. Among the cereals in this study, acha, was observed to be the richest in sulphur amino acids, aromatic amino acid, threomine and tryptophan; acha and finger millet were observed to be exceptionally the richest in calcium while teff has the highest magnesium and zinc content. Non-African Cereals (NAC) were found to be richer than AC in protein and fibre content though pearl millet was observed to have comparable protein content. NAC were found to be richer than AC in manganese, phosphorus, potassium and sodium with wheat having the highest phosphorus and sodium contents. The copper content of pearl millet and the manganese content of wheat were observed to be unhealthily higher than their RDAs. B-vitamins were observed to be higher in NAC while barley and oat were observed to be better sources of thiamine and riboflavin among the cereals studied.
Abstract: Cereals were classified according to origin and major producing area, and their nutritional composition compared. Data from researches on nutritional composition of cereals were compiled, categorised and compared. African Cereals (AC) were found to be richer than NAC in all the amino acids covered in this study except in lysine and tyrosine. AC hav...
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