The Effect of Chunk Learning on Listening Comprehension
Abdol-Majid Mohseni,
Amir Marzban,
Abdollah Keshavarzi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
310-316
Received:
10 August 2014
Accepted:
26 August 2014
Published:
10 September 2014
Abstract: The present study is done to examine the effect of chunk learning on students’ listening comprehension. Based on the nature of the study, the null hypothesis was proposed, chunk learning has no effect on (TOEFL) listening comprehension. In order to test the null hypothesis, a sample of 60 students was chosen. They were randomly put into two groups (experimental and control). Members of each group were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions; first the experimental group was given the same passages containing multiword in the passages of experimental group and the control group that we did not give them any passages in multiword. The design used for this study was a quasi experimental one. An English Language Test was administered at the beginning to ensure the homogeneity of the two groups in language proficiency. Then a pre-test was done to measure the student’s knowledge of multi words. After the treatment which took 20 sessions,30 minutes per session, the same pre-test was administered as a post-test to measure the effect of the treatment. Analysis of the calculated normality test (K-S), descriptive statistic of pre-test, paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test for experimental and control group provided us with the judgment to reject the null hypothesis. In other words, the result revealed that: chunk learning (multi words, verbs idioms and collocations) has a significant effect on listening comprehension ability.
Abstract: The present study is done to examine the effect of chunk learning on students’ listening comprehension. Based on the nature of the study, the null hypothesis was proposed, chunk learning has no effect on (TOEFL) listening comprehension. In order to test the null hypothesis, a sample of 60 students was chosen. They were randomly put into two groups ...
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I Buy, Ich Kaufe, & J'achéte as Arabic Dialectal Variants: A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
317-327
Received:
20 August 2014
Accepted:
30 August 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: This paper aims to examine the Arabic dialectal status of English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data consists of a short commercial or economic text, including the above italicized title words with some more key business terms (46 in total) like acquire, bill, bourse, buy, cent, commerce, dollar, exchange, gain, lose, market, merchant, money, pay, sell, sale, shop, steal, stocks, trade. Although all such words, the results show, have true Arabic cognates, with the same or similar forms and meanings, their different forms are all found to be due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change. For example, English buy derives via Old English bycgan from Arabic bai3 'buy, sell', dropping /3/; German kaufen/verkaufen 'buy/sell' obtains from Arabic qaawa 'buy & sell' where /q & w/ became /k & f/; French acheter 'buy' is from Arabic ishtara 'buy'; trade derives from Arabic taajar 'trade' via reordering and turning /j/ into /d/; pay comes via French from Latin pacare 'to please, satisfy (a creditor)' from Arabic bawk, baak (v) 'buy and sell', turning /k/ into /y/. Consequently, the results indicate, contrary to Comparative Method and Family Tree-model claims, that Arabic, English, and all Indo-European languages are affiliated to the same language, let alone the same family. In particular, they show that English, German, French, and Latin are really Arabic dialects because Arabic has all the cognates for English buy, German kaufen, French acheter, and Latin pacare while all the others have one each. They, therefore, prove the adequacy of the radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory according to which Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit are dialects of the same language with Arabic being their origin all because of its phonetic capacity and huge lexical variety and wealth; it further indicates that there is a radical language from which all human languages stemmed and which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic without which it is impossible to interpret such lexical richness.
Abstract: This paper aims to examine the Arabic dialectal status of English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data consists of a short commercial or economic text, including the above italicized title words with some more key business terms (46 in total) like acquire, bill, bours...
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The Logical Meanings of the Traditional Wedding Speeches of the Batak Toba People
Sanggam Siahaan,
Selviana Napitupulu,
Albert Tony,
Sahlan Tampubolon
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
328-342
Received:
22 August 2014
Accepted:
24 September 2014
Published:
30 September 2014
Abstract: This research deals with the logical meanings of the clause complexes in the Batak Toba People wedding speeches. The problem investigated deals with the types of the logical meanings existed in the traditional wedding speeches of the Batak Toba people and the way each of those types is created. The theoretical frameworks in this research are the logical meanings and the logico-semantic relation theories. The research design refers to an object as multiple realities as a qualitative research. The research subject is the Batak Toba people creating the wedding speeches in the wedding ceremony. The object is the logical meaning in the structure of a clause complex. The data are 142 clause complexes from the 15 recorded wedding speeches. The technique of the data collection and analysis follow the concept of the researcher concurrent activities, they are data collection, reduction, display, and drawing conclusion. The findings are that the logical meanings the Batak Toba people wedding speeches are expansion, such as elaboration, extension, and enhancement; and projection, such as locution projection, idea projection and idea.
Abstract: This research deals with the logical meanings of the clause complexes in the Batak Toba People wedding speeches. The problem investigated deals with the types of the logical meanings existed in the traditional wedding speeches of the Batak Toba people and the way each of those types is created. The theoretical frameworks in this research are the lo...
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