Metallic Oxides Nanoparticles: The New Frontier in EOR
Odo Jude Emeka,
Anthony Chikwe,
Ifeanyi Onyejekwe,
Ifeanyi Oguamah,
Nnanna Okoli,
Ofoegbu Chukwuebuka Daniel
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
61-66
Received:
28 January 2020
Accepted:
22 April 2020
Published:
17 July 2020
Abstract: With the rate at which most fields are becoming marginal and money is sunk to effectively recover more oil, there still lie factors that hinder oil recovery. Some of these factors are cost of recovery material, shear resistance of materials, stability of recovery materials in subsurface conditions, environmental friendliness of recovery material, ease of handling material etc. Nanoparticle EOR is a relatively new EOR technique with little or no application in the oil and gas industry. Though it is mostly still under experimentation in various labs across the world. It has proved beyond any reasonable doubt to fulfill the above stated loopholes in EOR. It also reduces interfacial tension, capillary pressure, wettability of oil, etc. with high displacement efficiency at low cost. This journal work is based on the recovery efficiency of three metallic oxides nanoparticles and their different characteristics which are very important to oil recovery. From the experimental work, it was found that aluminum oxide nanoparticles reduced interfacial tension and viscosity with a very high recovery factor, silicon oxide nanoparticles rapidly reduced wettability with a high recovery as well as magnesium oxide nanoparticle with the least. However, each of the metallic oxide particle experimented and analyzed in a core flooding system have their very peculiar property uniquely suitable for EOR at low cost and high recovery. However, the concentration of nanoparticle plays a key role in its recovery ability. The higher the concentration, the more tendencies to agglomerate and hinder permeability, the lesser the concentration, the less effective it can be. In my research, different concentrations were considered to determine the optimum concentration of metallic oxide nanoparticles with little or no adverse effect to the formation rock and fluid properties with optimum recovery.
Abstract: With the rate at which most fields are becoming marginal and money is sunk to effectively recover more oil, there still lie factors that hinder oil recovery. Some of these factors are cost of recovery material, shear resistance of materials, stability of recovery materials in subsurface conditions, environmental friendliness of recovery material, e...
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Street Food Safety, Types and Microbiological Quality in Ethiopia: A Critical Review
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
67-71
Received:
28 August 2020
Accepted:
14 September 2020
Published:
26 October 2020
Abstract: Street food is food obtained from a street side vendor, often from a makeshift or portable stall and it feeds millions of people daily with a wide variety of foods that are relatively cheap and easily accessible. Street food is intimately connected with take-out, junk food, snacks, and fast foods but it is not protected against insects, dust etc; which may harbor foodborne pathogens. Pathogens present in street vended foods come from different sources and practices, such as, improper food handling, improper waste disposal, contaminated water and improper storage temperature and reheating. Food borne illnesses are defined as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. Like other African and World countries there are many food vendors in Ethiopia where they sell both raw and cooked food items along the streets of different cities but it is far more unhygienic due to several reasons. So the objective of this review paper was to assess the existing research about street food safety, types, hygiene knowledge, and preparation and forward suggestion for stakeholders/policy makers to bridge the gap. Majority of street vended foods in Ethiopia are contaminated by bacteria like salmonella, S. aureus, E. coli so the Government or different stake holders should intervene and solve the issue.
Abstract: Street food is food obtained from a street side vendor, often from a makeshift or portable stall and it feeds millions of people daily with a wide variety of foods that are relatively cheap and easily accessible. Street food is intimately connected with take-out, junk food, snacks, and fast foods but it is not protected against insects, dust etc; w...
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