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Effect of Stitch Lengths and Yarn Counts on Areal Density and Drape Behaviour of Different Weft Knitted Single Jersey Structures
Emdadul Haque,
Md Shamim Alam
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
33-37
Received:
24 June 2016
Accepted:
20 October 2016
Published:
21 November 2016
Abstract: This paper aimed at analysis on the effects of stitch length and Yarn Count on GSM and drape behavior of weft knitted single jersey fabrics. In this research work different types of weft knitted single jersey fabrics have been used like as single jersey plain, single lacoste, double lacoste and polo pique fabric. As drape is one of the most important properties of textile materials so drape ability of a fabric should measure. Here drape ability of a fabric was determined using the instrument Cusick drape tester and is expresses in terms of drape co-efficient. It was found after completing the work GSM increases gradually with the decrease of stitch length. Double lacoste has highest GSM and single Jersey Plain has lowest GSM. GSM increases gradually in coarser yarn. Drape co-efficient decreases gradually with the increase of stitch length. Double lacoste has highest drape co-efficient and polo pique has lowest drape co-efficient. Drape co-efficient decreases gradually in finer yarn.
Abstract: This paper aimed at analysis on the effects of stitch length and Yarn Count on GSM and drape behavior of weft knitted single jersey fabrics. In this research work different types of weft knitted single jersey fabrics have been used like as single jersey plain, single lacoste, double lacoste and polo pique fabric. As drape is one of the most importa...
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Spatial Dissemination of Some Heavy Metals in Soil Adjacent to Bhaluka Industrial Area, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Abdullah Al Zabir,
M. Wahid U. Zzaman,
Md. Zakir Hossen,
Md. Nizam Uddin,
Md. Shariful Islam,
Md. Saiful Islam
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
38-47
Received:
27 August 2016
Accepted:
26 October 2016
Published:
21 November 2016
Abstract: Heavy metals released from industries causes severe environmental pollution in developing countries. This study has been conducted to evaluate the intensity of heavy metals pollution in soil at 0, 30 and 60 m distances from waste carrying canal of Bhaluka industrial area of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in soils decreased gradually with the increase of distance from waste canal. Maximum concentration was found at 60 to 0 m distance varied from 67.13–90.93, 52.23–76.73, 32.75–133.85, 61.18–422.10, 26900–36900 and 240–540 µg g-1 for Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn, respectively. Geoaccumulation index showing that the soil was moderately polluted for Pb and Zn. Pollution load index values>1.0, explaining pollution load was increased adjacent to industrial area and deteriorate the quality of surface soils day by day. Contamination factor for Pb, Cu and Zn were very high indicating these metals as the major soil pollutants came from anthropogenic sources which was supported by enrichment factor values (>5). The extent of pollution in adjacent to this industrial area implies the condition becoming worse and alarming for biota and inhabitants of that area.
Abstract: Heavy metals released from industries causes severe environmental pollution in developing countries. This study has been conducted to evaluate the intensity of heavy metals pollution in soil at 0, 30 and 60 m distances from waste carrying canal of Bhaluka industrial area of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), i...
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A New Simplified Model for Predicting of Water Content Effects on Thermal Conductivity of Hygroscopic Materials Buildings
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
48-54
Received:
12 September 2016
Accepted:
28 October 2016
Published:
25 November 2016
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to predict the thermal conductivity of local composite materials, particularly used as building materials in Sub-Saharan countries, as a function of their water content. In this work, a new simplified model, based on a physical approach with assumption of an ideal shrinkage of the material during the evaporation of water, was built. Two composite materials were successfully tested providing good fitting and prediction results. Calculated and experimental values of thermal conductivity were in good agreement, with a maximum standard error of 0.037 Wm-1K-1 for the three hygroscopic materials. In spite of its simplicity, this model leads to a more accurate representation than other classical models of the measured variations of the thermal conductivity of hygroscopic materials with the water content.
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to predict the thermal conductivity of local composite materials, particularly used as building materials in Sub-Saharan countries, as a function of their water content. In this work, a new simplified model, based on a physical approach with assumption of an ideal shrinkage of the material during the evaporation of water, ...
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Suspension Type Stereo Bicycle Parking Garage
Zhang Jianmin,
Zhou Jun,
Liu Lei,
Tian Peipei,
Zhou Shijun
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
55-58
Received:
18 October 2016
Accepted:
5 November 2016
Published:
5 December 2016
Abstract: At present, many countries have vigorously advocated the use of green environmental protection of the bicycle as a means of transport, a large number of bicycle parking problems become a problem. In order to solve the present bicycle parking space, parking chaos, and convenient use, easy theft problem, this paper proposes a suspension type stereo bicycle parking garage, mainly includes three parts: rotating device, lifting device, fingerprint lock device, through the combination of the three can achieve the design goal of each layer parking a number of parking spaces, and can realize every layer of parking spaces and parking spaces for each rise and fall, the design of fingerprint lock device to ensure the safety of the bicycle parking garage, and parking garage can achieve overall contraction, simple and portable.
Abstract: At present, many countries have vigorously advocated the use of green environmental protection of the bicycle as a means of transport, a large number of bicycle parking problems become a problem. In order to solve the present bicycle parking space, parking chaos, and convenient use, easy theft problem, this paper proposes a suspension type stereo b...
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Study the Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress on Mitochondria from Liver and Lungs Origin
Durga Pada Dolai,
Sankar Kumar Dey,
Sandeep Kumar Dash,
Somenath Roy
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
59-64
Received:
18 September 2016
Accepted:
19 October 2016
Published:
17 December 2016
Abstract: Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a Cr (VI) compound, is the most toxic form of Cr (VI) and has been demonstrated to induce toxicity associated with oxidative stress in humans and animals. The wide environmental distribution of chromium leads to an increased interest of its toxicity and biological effects. Mitochondria provide most of the cellular energy (ATP) and yield many intermediate compounds involved in normal cellular metabolism. Therefore, perturbations of mitochondrial function may result in severe consequences for general metabolism and all the energy transducing processes that require ATP. The present study was designed to investigate the Cr (VI) -induced oxidative stress on mitochondria in liver and lungs. Male albino rats of Wistar strain (80-100 g) were used for the present study. Rats were divided into two groups of almost equal average body weight. The animals of one group were injected (i.p.) K2Cr2O7 at a dose of 0.8 mg per 100 g body weight per day for 28 days. The animals of the remaining group received only the vehicle (0.9% NaCl), served as control. Measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers like lipid peroxidation (MDA), conjugated dienes and nitric oxide contents were increased in both liver and lungs mitochondria. The decreased antioxidant marker enzymes like the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (G-S-T), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) of Cr (VI) treated rats were accompanied by a significant decrease in the level of glutathione’s (GSH and GSSG) in liver and lungs mitochondria. The results of the present study demonstrates that the exposure of Cr (VI) at the present dose and duration caused reduction in LPO and antioxidant enzyme activities in rat’s liver and lungs mitochondria.
Abstract: Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a Cr (VI) compound, is the most toxic form of Cr (VI) and has been demonstrated to induce toxicity associated with oxidative stress in humans and animals. The wide environmental distribution of chromium leads to an increased interest of its toxicity and biological effects. Mitochondria provide most of the cellular en...
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Influence of Spatial Variation in Subgrade Properties on the Design of Highway Flexible Pavements
Nwakaire Chidozie Madu,
Chukwu Chinagorom Joshua,
Udemba Jonathan Nwachukwu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
65-74
Received:
1 October 2016
Accepted:
18 November 2016
Published:
21 December 2016
Abstract: Influence of spatial variation in subgrade properties on the integrity of highway pavement design is the burden of this research. Interruption, delay and discomfort in transportation flow that characterize roads across the globe due to poor pavement conditions are pathetic experiences. This work is an attempt to investigate the influence of subgrade variation on the design thicknesses of highway flexible pavements, using subgrade properties and traffic characteristics encountered along the Enugu-Onitsha expressway. Soil samples collected from selected sections of the expressway were subjected to geotechnical laboratory tests like particles size distribution, Atterberg’s limits, compaction and California bearing ratio in order to analyse their properties. The results generated from these three samples from different stations across the road showed that the soil materials along the Enugu-Onitsha expressway vary significantly. Sample from Nkpor, Awkuzu and Kwata stations contain 15%, 45% and 80% fines (silt and clay) respectively, likewise their MDD and OMC are 1852KN/m3, 1980KN/m3 and 1788KN/m3; 11.7%, 11%, and 14.6% respectively. The 48 hour soaked CBR values of soil samples from Nkpor and Awkuzu stations are 8% and 9% respectively while Kwata station is 2.3%. The plasticity index and liquid limit results were also 11%; 31% and 9%; 27.4% for Awkuzu and Kwata samples while Nkpor sample in a non-plastic soil. Based on ASSHTO classification, the soils fall within A-2-4, A-6 and A-4 categories which depicted a significant variation in properties, fair to bad. Based on the design outputs for pavement thicknesses, it was concluded that designing a length of highway with a single CBR value will be uneconomical for areas with significantly higher surface modulus as well as providing insufficient thicknesses for areas with lower actual CBR than the observed. Sectional pavement design at not more than 1km intervals was recommended.
Abstract: Influence of spatial variation in subgrade properties on the integrity of highway pavement design is the burden of this research. Interruption, delay and discomfort in transportation flow that characterize roads across the globe due to poor pavement conditions are pathetic experiences. This work is an attempt to investigate the influence of subgrad...
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Mapping of Angular Leaf Spot Disease Hotspot Areas in Western Kenya Towards Its Management
Robert Kiptabut Leitich,
W. Arinaitwe,
B. Mukoye,
D. O. Omayio,
A. K. Osogo,
H. K. Were,
J. W. Muthomi,
R. M. Otsyula,
M. M. Abang
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
75-81
Received:
23 October 2016
Accepted:
18 November 2016
Published:
21 December 2016
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) is an important crop in the daily diet of more than 300 million people worldwide. Despite its importance, bean productivity is declining in western Kenya due to diseases and use of low yielding susceptible varieties. Among the diseases, ALS is a major biotic constraint of bean production in western Kenya. It causes an estimated yield loss of about 80% in the farmers’ field when severe. There is still limited information on pathogen distribution in western Kenya hindering breeding for ALS resistance. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the occurrence of ALS disease in bean growing areas of western Kenya. A disease survey was carried out during the long and short rains seasons of 2013 in six agro-ecological zones namely: Low midland zone 1 (LM1) (Rongo and Bumula), low midland zone 2 (LM2) (Busia, Bungoma and Rangwe), low midland zone 3 (LM3) (Siaya and Teso north), low midland zone 4 (LM4) (Bondo), lower highlands (LH1) (Nandi Central) and upper midland zone 1 (UM1) (Sabatia and Nandi south). UM1 recorded the highest disease incidence and severity, whereas LM4 registered the least. Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between disease incidence and severity (r = 0.711; p<0.0001). The study found the incidence and severity levels of ALS in western Kenya as high as 100% and 3 respectively. Therefore, farmers should be encouraged to use certified seeds to minimise the severity of the disease.
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) is an important crop in the daily diet of more than 300 million people worldwide. Despite its importance, bean productivity is declining in western Kenya due to diseases and use of low yielding susceptible varieties. Among the diseases, ALS is a major biotic constraint of bean production in western Kenya. It cau...
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Gold Nanoparticle Based Plasmonic Microwave-antenna
Ngo Hai Yen,
Dang Thi Thanh Thuy,
Nguyen Khac Thuan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
82-86
Received:
19 September 2016
Accepted:
29 November 2016
Published:
27 December 2016
Abstract: In recent years, wireless communication has been developed towards the ultra-high bands in order to exploit the plasmonic effect that was observed in nanoscale metallic nanomaterials. In this report we study the impact of plasmon effect of gold nanoparticles covered on the surface of the microwave antenna to seek for a change in the antenna efficiency. In particular, the changes of antenna's reponses when exposing to the light and the dark were investigated. The obtained results show that the reponse loss (S1 coefficient) decreased considerably while preserving the position of the resonance lines.
Abstract: In recent years, wireless communication has been developed towards the ultra-high bands in order to exploit the plasmonic effect that was observed in nanoscale metallic nanomaterials. In this report we study the impact of plasmon effect of gold nanoparticles covered on the surface of the microwave antenna to seek for a change in the antenna efficie...
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Influence of Different Soil Properties on Shear Strength of Soil: A Review
Vaibhav R. Dhawale,
Shrikant M. Harle
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
87-90
Received:
29 October 2016
Accepted:
6 December 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
Abstract: Compacted soils in embankments of dams, and roads, dikes, liners, etc. are commonly used in geotechnical engineering. Soil variability and uncertainty of a natural soil deposit and its properties are common challenges in geotechnical engineering design. The unsaturated soil mechanics is receiving increasing attention from researchers and as well as from practicing engineers. The present work is a review of research articles related to shear strength calculations for different conditions of strata and other parameters.
Abstract: Compacted soils in embankments of dams, and roads, dikes, liners, etc. are commonly used in geotechnical engineering. Soil variability and uncertainty of a natural soil deposit and its properties are common challenges in geotechnical engineering design. The unsaturated soil mechanics is receiving increasing attention from researchers and as well as...
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Development of a Corrosion Model for Prediction of Atmospheric Corrosion of Mild Steel
Mahendra Adikari,
Nanda Munasinghe
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
91-96
Received:
30 September 2016
Accepted:
28 October 2016
Published:
28 December 2016
Abstract: Corrosion is a naturally occurring phenomenon commonly defined as the deterioration or loss of functions of materials (usually metals) due to the effect of the environmental factors. According to the nature of environment, corrosion can be broadly categorized as corrosion in atmosphere, corrosion in water, corrosion in sea, corrosion in soil etc. Among these types, corrosion of steel in atmosphere is a problem of great interest. Since steel is the most extensively used structural material in industry, and it is well accepted fact that the cost of material deterioration in an atmospheric environment is enormous. Corrosion of metal in atmosphere is inevitable but is controllable with the aid of proper corrosion management systems. For the implementation of a proper corrosion management system it is necessary to study the corrosive nature (corroivity) of the operation environment of a material. Development of a relationship between corrosivity and environmental variables such as relative humidity, temperature, salinity etc. which is known as Corrosion modeling is widely used method use for the evaluation of corrosivity of atmosphere. This paper describes the work carried out to formulate a model for the prediction of corrosion of mild steel under Sri Lankan atmospheric conditions. For this purpose, a model was proposed which is based on published literature on corrosion modeling. The proposed model was calibrated by the data obtained from field exposure tests which were conducted in four different locations in Sri Lanka. The chi-square goodness of fit test has been used to find out the performance of model. The model showed good performance with goodness of fit at 95% significance level. Finally, the model was validated with different set of data and the prediction performance of this model shows a good capability on forecasting of the rate of corrosion of mild steel in different atmospheric conditions in Sri Lanka.
Abstract: Corrosion is a naturally occurring phenomenon commonly defined as the deterioration or loss of functions of materials (usually metals) due to the effect of the environmental factors. According to the nature of environment, corrosion can be broadly categorized as corrosion in atmosphere, corrosion in water, corrosion in sea, corrosion in soil etc. A...
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The Use of Phosphate-Silicate Inhibitor, in Corrosion Control of Drinking Water Distribution System
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
97-102
Received:
6 October 2016
Accepted:
20 October 2016
Published:
29 December 2016
Abstract: The chemical content of water - pH, mineralization, alkalinity, hardness, calcium and magnesium compounds, carbon dioxide free provide guidance about buffering capacity of water. Therefore, if the mineralization and pH is low, the water is aggressive towards the materials used in manufacturing pipes - concrete, steel, HDPE, PVC, PAX. If the mineralization is high, the pH is high, too and the water forms crust and hardness deposits on the pipe. To control corrosion in water distribution networks, the methods most commonly applied are: adjusting pH, increasing the alkalinity or hardness, adding corrosion inhibitors. The phosphate-silicate inhibitor (the Folmar technology) is a complex solution, completely soluble in water and very harmless to the human body and is used to control the chemical corrosion of pipes in water distribution system, the biological corrosion (due to iron bacteria, sulphate reducing bacteria, Pseudomonas), to control the bio-film and secondary pathogen growth in drinking water distribution system. This study presents the results for their evaluation performance in different pipes and different water chemistry content. The evaluation of Folmar technology lasted for at least minim 1 month to 1 year for each water source. The results obtained have revealed the ability of this bycomponent inhibitor type to reduce corrosive water and pipe trends.
Abstract: The chemical content of water - pH, mineralization, alkalinity, hardness, calcium and magnesium compounds, carbon dioxide free provide guidance about buffering capacity of water. Therefore, if the mineralization and pH is low, the water is aggressive towards the materials used in manufacturing pipes - concrete, steel, HDPE, PVC, PAX. If the mineral...
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