Tannery Wastewater Treatment by Coagulation-Flocculation Technique Using Combination of Calcium Polysulfide and Ferrous Sulphate
Gedefaw Asmare,
Birhan Getachew,
Tsegazeab Kassa,
Wendifraw Abate
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
79-83
Received:
3 June 2021
Accepted:
8 July 2021
Published:
15 July 2021
Abstract: Effluents from the tannery industry have been a major source of environmental pollution. There is a need to evaluate the performance of wastewater treatment plant against regulatory standards. If in compliance found with standard, Employing appropriate treatment technique to meet the permissible discharge is important. In this reaction, performance evaluation of Tannery Wastewater and Treatment by coagulation technique of wastewater was investigated. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), chromium III and VI were the parameters selected to characterize the tannery waste water. From the characterization result of the factory effluent treatment plant it was found that; the factory effluent treatment plant meets the permissible discharge value in DO, Chromium III and VI. However, COD, TDS and TSS are far from the standards. Calcium polysulfide (CaSx) and ferrous sulphate (Fe(SO)4) were the chemicals used for coagulation purpose. Treatment of 500ml original tannery waste with 400mg iron sulphate and variable calcium polysulfide concentrations (one, two and four v/v %) was conducted and characterized. From characterization result, 400mg iron sulphate and 20ml of calcium polysulfide treatment yields water that full fill the standard of discharge limit except for COD. In addition, at this treatment the best closer value of COD (1340mg/l) to the standard value (250mg/l) was found.
Abstract: Effluents from the tannery industry have been a major source of environmental pollution. There is a need to evaluate the performance of wastewater treatment plant against regulatory standards. If in compliance found with standard, Employing appropriate treatment technique to meet the permissible discharge is important. In this reaction, performance...
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Epoxidation of Podocarpus Falcatus Oil by Sulphuric Acid Catalyst: Process Optimization and Physio-chemical Characterization
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
84-90
Received:
17 June 2021
Accepted:
13 July 2021
Published:
21 July 2021
Abstract: Recently environmental awareness and reduction of world fossil fuel reserves have enforced the need to look for a replacement of mineral oils with environmentally friendly and nontoxic epoxy oil vegetable-based. The current study implies that Epoxidized podocarpus falcatus oil can be a substitute as a raw material for the production of a variety of chemicals and the replacement of petroleum products in composite matrices because of having high reactivity of oxirane ring. The podocarpus falcatus oil was obtained by using the solvent extraction method. In this present investigation, the extracted podocarpus falcatus oil was epoxidized using a performic acid generated in situ by the reaction of aqueous hydrogen peroxide and carboxylic acid in presence of strong Sulphuric acid. A maximum percentage of conversion of oil and selectivity of epoxidized oil were found to be at 63°C temperature, 1.4:1 molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to ethylene unsaturation double bond of podocarpus falcatus oil, and 4 hours of time reaction. The effective synthesis of epoxidation reaction for confirmation on the investigation of epoxidized podocarpus falcatus oil was characterized by identifying the structure, functional group, and composition of podocarpus falcatus seed oil, in comparison to epoxidized podocarpus falcatus oil, using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
Abstract: Recently environmental awareness and reduction of world fossil fuel reserves have enforced the need to look for a replacement of mineral oils with environmentally friendly and nontoxic epoxy oil vegetable-based. The current study implies that Epoxidized podocarpus falcatus oil can be a substitute as a raw material for the production of a variety of...
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Dynamic Simulation and Modelling of Methane Production Process for Habesha Beer Waste Water Treatment Process Using Aspen Plus Software
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
91-100
Received:
27 July 2021
Accepted:
9 August 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: Brewery production process is one of the biggest economical sources in Ethiopia, there are different brands in beer industry in the country, such as Dashen, Balageru, Heineken, and Habesha Brewery Company, in such factories the modern technology treatment was performed in Habesha brewery. All beer industrial processes require large amounts of water and produce significant amounts of wastewater. Cleaner production is having an impact on these industries and today they are looking forward to zero discharge. In Habesha brewery, the generation of wastewater is coming under all departments, such as from brew house, filtration utility, and packaging rooms. The composition of brewery waste water effluent was sulphate, H2S, CO2, sugar, and methane, etc. Habesha Brewery has given value highly the quality, taste, and drinkability of their beer. Production of methane from waste water during the treatment process was not applied in Habesha brewery industry due to the low treatment of methane and lack of technology to recover methane as an energy source. Through anaerobic digestion of organic waste materials provides an alternative environmentally friendly renewable energy. Methane production from digestion of brewery wastewater was improved using chemical methods, using aspen plus dynamics simulation the model of methane production recovery system was modelled, and brewery waste was taken into the reactor in its own behavior was evaluated under atmospheric conditions, 25°C, 30°C & at 1 atmosphere. For all substrates, total solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, temperature, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and pH were measured before and after digestion. Wastewater by volume was taken fully into the digester. All measured physico-chemical parameters of the sample substrate significantly varied before and after anaerobic digestion. Methane was measured for all samples periodically starting from the effluent was started. In all substrates. Assessment of cumulative methane production revealed that the substrate at a temperature 30°C, pH 6.5 (0.0013 hl /0.008 hL sample of waste water) and after 4 days sample 25°C, PH 7.5 (0.001625 hL/0.008 hL sample) showed the highest Methane production and the lowest was in the last day volume waste water, 35°C temperature and pH of 6 (0.00125 hL/0.008 hL sample of waste water). The results indicated that the methane amount was affected by H2S, CO2, sugar, and other behaviors of brewery waste water effluent during the digestion process.
Abstract: Brewery production process is one of the biggest economical sources in Ethiopia, there are different brands in beer industry in the country, such as Dashen, Balageru, Heineken, and Habesha Brewery Company, in such factories the modern technology treatment was performed in Habesha brewery. All beer industrial processes require large amounts of water...
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Influence of Bubble-point Pressure on the Gas Formation in an Oil Reservoir Under Water Injection
Antonio Fernando Britto,
Ivan Costa da Cunha Lima,
Andre Telles da Cunha Lima
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
101-111
Received:
6 June 2021
Accepted:
24 June 2021
Published:
31 August 2021
Abstract: To evaluate the oil recovering in a reservoir producing at the bubble-point pressure, we performed numerical simulations using a sandbox model and a black oil approach for the reservoir, and the tool-kit CFD software OpenFOAM. A new solver treats the three-phase dynamics of the oil-water-gas in the reservoir. The calculation includes four cases with different pressures of the injection and production wells to explore the free gas formation. Our results show that even keeping constant the pressure unbalance between the injection and production wells, we observe different dynamics. There is no gas formation and a typical production profile results if the bottom-hole pressure is just above the bubble-point in the injection and production wells. In case only the production well bottom-hole pressure is just below the bubble-point, we see no gas formation near the injection well and oscillatory gas formation around the production well. We see a triphasic flow along with the whole domain if both bottom-hole pressures are just below the bubble-point. However, if the bottom-hole pressure in both wells goes further below, the gas flow rate no more oscillates and the gas formation becomes continuous. We have also treated a special case to analyze the influence of gravity on the triphasic flow. Here we observed the gravity segregation to be not significant.
Abstract: To evaluate the oil recovering in a reservoir producing at the bubble-point pressure, we performed numerical simulations using a sandbox model and a black oil approach for the reservoir, and the tool-kit CFD software OpenFOAM. A new solver treats the three-phase dynamics of the oil-water-gas in the reservoir. The calculation includes four cases wit...
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