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Investigation of the Physico-Chemical Parameters and Plankton Biotopes of the Nta Wogba Creek, Diobu, Port Harcourt
Roseline Feechi Njoku Tony,
Dike Henry Ogbuagu,
Tochi Ezechi Ebe,
Monica Nweke Ezike,
Irene Ogechi Egbuawa,
Grace Ebele Amaku,
Eric Chinonso Ezikeudu,
Kelechi Nwancho Ogboji
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
20-27
Received:
3 May 2018
Accepted:
30 May 2018
Published:
25 July 2018
Abstract: Physicochemical parameters could help to reduce or otherwise contribute to the growth and survival of plankton biotopes in the water bodies. This study investigated the physicochemical parameters and plankton biotopes of Ntawogba creek in Port Harcourt, River state. Water samples were collected from five stations representing upstream and downstream. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Dissolved oxygen (Do), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Nitrate, and Phosphate were determined under standard laboratory methods. Zooplankton and Phytoplankton abundance were also determined. Concentrations of Electrical Conductivity (Range=860.00µS/cm) and Chemical Oxygen Demand, (Range=31.80mg/L) varied widely, the other parameters had narrow variations. pH, EC and Phosphate ion concentrations varied from 7.06 – 8.27 (7.54±0.23), 395.00 – 1255.00 (722.40±160.47)µS/cm and 0.01 – 0.04 (0.03 ± 0.01)mg/L respectively. Nitrate ion concentrations varied from 0.63 – 5.34 (3.41 ± 0.77) mg/L while Dissolved Oxygen varied from 0.00 – 4.90 (2.92 ± 0.84) mg/L. BOD and COD ranged as follows: 2.80 - 22.70 (14.20 ± 4.21) mg/L and 4.50 – 36.30 (22.72 ± 6.74) mg/L respectively. Phytoplanktons recorded are as follows: Bacilariophytes (291 species), Euglenophytes (68 species) and cyanophyceae (139 species) while zooplanktons identified are protozoans (37 species), copepods (19 species), cladocera (462 species) and rotifers (100 species). This study therefore suggests high pollution impact occasioned by heavy municipal waste discharges and recommends that the government should evolve better solid and liquid waste management policies and practices. The government agencies should enforce all relevant environmental laws, standards and regulations as well as industry operators to treat industrial effluent before disposal into public drain.
Abstract: Physicochemical parameters could help to reduce or otherwise contribute to the growth and survival of plankton biotopes in the water bodies. This study investigated the physicochemical parameters and plankton biotopes of Ntawogba creek in Port Harcourt, River state. Water samples were collected from five stations representing upstream and downstrea...
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Evaluation of the Impacts of the Climate Changes on the Hydrological Network of the Kouilou-Niari Basin in the South-West of Congo Brazzaville
Christian Ngoma Mvoundou,
Christian Tathy,
Dominique Nkounkou Tomodiatounga,
Raymond Gentil Elenga,
Guy Moukandi Nkaya,
Bernard Mabiala
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
28-41
Received:
6 June 2018
Accepted:
31 July 2018
Published:
22 August 2018
Abstract: The study of the rainfall-runoff relation on annual and monthly scales is based on the hydrological data measured in various stations of the Kouilou-Niari basin. The parameters of the rainfall-runoff modeling were obtained with satisfaction by today’s standards of quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of the climate changes on the water resources of the catchment area of Kouilou-Niari using hydrological modeling. With this intention, a sample of twelvestations was selected on a hydrological cycle of more than thirty years (1952-1982). The results obtained show that the variations of the flows follow those of precipitation: reduction in N’douo zone and Niarizone and increase in Kouilou zone. These stations present a bimodal mode, with a double maximum during the rainyseasons (MAM and OND). Season (MAM) is themost rainy and season (JJAS) is the least rainy in all the stations. The relation between rainfalls and runoffs is satisfactory, because the hydrological mode models itselfonprecipitation one. The flows of the basin are rising, with anaveragestreamflow of 445 m3/sincluded between a minimum of 86.2 m3/s and a maximum of 930.4 m3/s for respective specific modules of 16.91 and 23.73 l.s-1/km2. The return periods of the floods are estimated of 5, 10 and 50 years for respective streamflows of 2470, 2620 and 2682 m3/s. This particular behavior of the basin finds its reasons not only in the pluviometric mode but also in the physical characteristics (relief, geologyand pedology). The Kecoefficient of flow is 42.9% and the seasonal variation K3 is 13.3 atSounda station.
Abstract: The study of the rainfall-runoff relation on annual and monthly scales is based on the hydrological data measured in various stations of the Kouilou-Niari basin. The parameters of the rainfall-runoff modeling were obtained with satisfaction by today’s standards of quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of the climate change...
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Sedimentary Oxygen Demand and Orthophosphate Release: Sustaining Eutrophication in a Tributary of the Chesapeake Bay
Tiara Nydia Moore,
Benjamin Elias Cuker
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
42-48
Received:
2 August 2018
Accepted:
4 September 2018
Published:
28 September 2018
Abstract: Beginning in the mid 20th Century the Chesapeake Bay began to show the first signs of eutrophication, with seasonal depletion of free oxygen in bottom waters (hypoxia). Eutrophication is driven largely by external loading of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). These nutrients maintain high levels of phytoplankton productivity and subsequent transfer of fixed carbon to the sediments. That carbon fuels heterotrophs that uptake free oxygen in the bottom waters at a faster rate than it can be replenished during seasonal stratification, resulting in periods of persistent hypoxia and anoxia. Aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of the settled plankton and detritus drives the release of remineralized nutrients such as orthophosphate (P). Episodic and seasonal mixing events transport the N and P to better illuminated surface waters where it supports blooms of phytoplankton, which will settle and continue the positive feedback loop of eutrophication. To better understand the role of sediments in the ongoing stress caused by eutrophication in the Chesapeake Bay we incubated sediment cores at temperatures to model an in situ seasonal cycle. We measured oxygen concentrations and P levels to estimate the release of orthophosphate to the overlying waters under various oxygen conditions. During oxic conditions the net flux of orthophosphate was from the water column into the sediments. Anoxia drove P flux from the sediments back to the water column. These results indicate internal P loading during periods of anoxia by the sediments to the water column may lead to continued eutrophication.
Abstract: Beginning in the mid 20th Century the Chesapeake Bay began to show the first signs of eutrophication, with seasonal depletion of free oxygen in bottom waters (hypoxia). Eutrophication is driven largely by external loading of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). These nutrients maintain high levels of phytoplankton productivity and subsequent transfer o...
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Decision Management Tools for Trans-Boundary Water Management in Lake Chad Basin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
49-54
Received:
25 August 2018
Accepted:
14 September 2018
Published:
15 October 2018
Abstract: The Lake Chad basin, one of Africa’s oldest river basin has shrank to one-tenth of its original size. The environmental degradation that had occurred in the basin over the years has had direct impact on the livelihood of people in the region. The problem in the Lake Chad Basin has also constituted social risks to populations of the region resulting in accelerating global climate change due to years of unsustainable resource use. The ecological degradation in the basin has further exacerbated conflict with attendant terrorism in the region. Using a coordinated science-policy market place of ideas, an event during the EU-AU Workshop in water-energy-food nexus held in Italy in 2016, a team of scientists and policymakers from both Africa and European Union looked at the reason for the water loss and how to make the solution of inter-basin water transfer proffered practicable. Sustainability tools were recommended in the basin to provide policy advice for decision makers while also developing a nexus framework to enhance future sustainability of the basin. This paper also addresses cooperation among different stakeholders by suggesting new governance pattern and opening up the basin to external collaborators to reverse the declining fortune of Lake Chad basin.
Abstract: The Lake Chad basin, one of Africa’s oldest river basin has shrank to one-tenth of its original size. The environmental degradation that had occurred in the basin over the years has had direct impact on the livelihood of people in the region. The problem in the Lake Chad Basin has also constituted social risks to populations of the region resulting...
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Elementary Introduction of Way of Localization of Composite Sliding Bearing for Hydroelectric Engineering
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
55-59
Received:
26 August 2018
Accepted:
14 September 2018
Published:
22 October 2018
Abstract: This article describes the process of replacing imported bearings with domestic composite sliding bearings in the hydroelectric engineering industry from three main aspects: thrust bearing of hydraulic generator, water distributor bearing of hydraulic turbine and spherical plain bearing of steel gate of hydraulic metal structure; expounds that we have adopted the development mode of imitation and independent innovation instead of plagiarism or re-innovation after technology introduction. In the process of domestic development, we relied on our continuous learning and innovation, focused on intellectual property protection, and aimed at the advanced international level; summarizes the achievements made in the application technology level of domestic products through our own efforts over the past 40 years, i.e. achieving the replacement of imported bearings with domestic bearings and realizing the export of domestic bearings; and presents the prospect of application of composite sliding bearings in hydroelectric engineering.
Abstract: This article describes the process of replacing imported bearings with domestic composite sliding bearings in the hydroelectric engineering industry from three main aspects: thrust bearing of hydraulic generator, water distributor bearing of hydraulic turbine and spherical plain bearing of steel gate of hydraulic metal structure; expounds that we h...
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