An Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas in Warri Metropolis
Ogeleka Doris Fovwe,
Okpako Solomon,
Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
55-60
Received:
8 September 2014
Accepted:
22 September 2014
Published:
20 October 2014
Abstract: Twenty four (24) groundwater samples were collected from some selected areas in Warri Metropolis, Delta State in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The areas covered include: Udu, Ajaminogha, Edjeba, Bendel Estate, Enerhen, Igbudu, Jakpa and Eboh. The quality of these private borehole water samples was assessed using methods recommended for water quality by America Public Health Association. The water samples were analysed for physico-chemical and microbial parameters so as to ascertain their potability. The results revealed that pH was relatively low in all the waters with values varying from 4.15 to 4.86 pH. All the groundwater samples could be termed ‘freshwater’ as revealed in the total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity levels, which ranged from (61.33 mg/L to 277.0 mg/L) and (12.55 mg/L to 82.59 mg/L) respectively. The mean turbidity values varied from 0.11 to 1.17 NTU. The water samples were fairly soft as revealed in the results for total hardness (12 – 16 mg CaCO3/L). Total iron, copper and zinc had concentrations levels within the local (Nigerian) and International [World Health Organization (WHO)] standards. Concentrations levels of these metals in the sampled locations were in trace quantity. However, lead, cadmium and chromium were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. It has been known that intake of water with low pH values could cause some severe health implications including gastrointestinal disorders and ulcers. This assessment was necessitated due to the fact that individuals resort to digging their privately owned boreholes, since the Government public utility water services have failed and do not supply potable or domestic waters to residences in these areas. In this vein, since residents in these areas use the untreated water from such borehole extensively for drinking and major domestic purposes, there may be likely health and environmental implications.
Abstract: Twenty four (24) groundwater samples were collected from some selected areas in Warri Metropolis, Delta State in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The areas covered include: Udu, Ajaminogha, Edjeba, Bendel Estate, Enerhen, Igbudu, Jakpa and Eboh. The quality of these private borehole water samples was assessed using methods recommended for water qua...
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A Comparative Analysis of Lajeunesse Model with other Used Bed Load Models - Effects on River Morphological Changes
Mohamed Gharbi,
Amel Soualmia,
Denis Dartus,
Lucien Masbernat
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
61-68
Received:
23 September 2014
Accepted:
10 October 2014
Published:
20 October 2014
Abstract: Among the phenomena that greatly influence the river morphology is the sediment transport, especially the bed load mode causing a significant changes in the river morphology. Indeed, the choice of a model or a methodology that can better quantify sediment transport, remains always poorly understood. In this context, a new approach to studying the morphological evolution of rivers is proposed by Charru in 2004, it is based on a model for the erosion and deposition of the particles under laminar flow. In 2006, Charru proposes an extension of this model to turbulent flow. In more advanced research, Lajeunesse in 2010, realizes an experimental study to support the erosion deposition model of Charru, and proposes a new formula to calculate the bed load transport rate. The current research focuses on the effects of bed load transport on the morphological changes in rivers. In the first part, a comparative analysis of empirical laws of bed load transport with experimental data was conducted, in order to test and validate the new bed load model proposed by Lajeunesse, then to check the grain size effect on the sediment transport capacity. In the second part, we are interested in the study of the morphological evolution in rivers. It was performed through numerical modeling using TELEMAC 2D coupled with SISYPHE. The aim is to understand and analyze the morphological changes in the channel bottom. The analysis of the results presented in this paper showed that through the calculated score, most formulas give satisfactory results. In particular at the grain scale, the new bed load transport relation of Lajeunesse, provides an excellent fit to the experimental data. Finally, we were interested in the study of the morphological changes in the channel bottom, it appers clear that the bed load transport has large impacts on river morphology.
Abstract: Among the phenomena that greatly influence the river morphology is the sediment transport, especially the bed load mode causing a significant changes in the river morphology. Indeed, the choice of a model or a methodology that can better quantify sediment transport, remains always poorly understood. In this context, a new approach to studying the m...
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