The Influences of Physical and Chemical Factors to Coral Reef Ecosystem on Coastal Waters Village Eri, Outer Ambon Bay
Wiwien Gaby Hukubun,
Nini Munirah Renur,
Imanuel Berly Delvis Kapelle
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
28-36
Received:
3 March 2016
Accepted:
19 April 2016
Published:
13 June 2016
Abstract: This research conducted in coastal waters of Eri, Outer Ambon Bay on July 2011 to analysis the influences of physical-chemical factors of coral reef ecosystem on coastal waters of Eri. Physical-chemical factors of coastal waters measured used CTD. The result measurement data of Current meter and CTD carried out by computer use software equipment. Data processing and graph analyze use the software of Microsoft Excel 2003 and Golden Software Surfer 9. The sample of dissolved oxygen, phosphate and nitrate taken with Nansen Bottle. Dissolved oxygen determined by pursuant to titration Winkler. Rate of phosphate and nitrate analysis by Strikland and Parsons method (1968). The enumeration sample of dissolved oxygen, rate of phosphate and nitrate conducted in laboratory of LIPI Ambon. From research known that the temperature in coast of Eri on July range from 25.9°C – 27.3°C. The salinity ranges from 33.5 ppt – 34.2 ppt. The current sea in coastal water of Eri moves follow the current install pattern and withdraw in Ambon Bay. Others influenced by wave which is resulted by monsoon. The turbidity around coast more predominated by inorganic material in the form of refinement sand which suspend effect of current in coast. Phosphate rate detected range from 0.00489 – 0.0079 ppm and nitrate rate range from 0.0390 – 0.0671 ppm. While gyration assess of dissolve oxygen is lowering with the value 1.99 ppm until 3.38 ppm. All of physical and chemical factor was good to influenced coral reef ecosystem on coastal water village Eri.
Abstract: This research conducted in coastal waters of Eri, Outer Ambon Bay on July 2011 to analysis the influences of physical-chemical factors of coral reef ecosystem on coastal waters of Eri. Physical-chemical factors of coastal waters measured used CTD. The result measurement data of Current meter and CTD carried out by computer use software equipment. D...
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Monitoring the Levels of Essential and Trace Metals in Groundwater along Fuoni Area in Zanzibar
Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed,
Sara A. Khamis,
Miza Ali Kombo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
37-46
Received:
24 May 2016
Accepted:
3 June 2016
Published:
21 June 2016
Abstract: Physico-chemical parameters of groundwater resources were studied in Fuoni area allocated at West District of Zanzibar Island. In June 2014, water samples were collected from ten groundwater sources for physico-chemical analysis. The chemical parameters include twenty metals (Al, As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr (III), Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl, V and Zn). Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determined the dissolved metal concentrations. The levels of total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were also determined using Horiba multi-parameter water quality meter. There was no detection for the levels of Al, Be, Cd, Co, and Mn in all water samples. Notably, the physico-chemical parameters suggest that the groundwaters in this area are generally good for domestic use per World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Nevertheless, 40% of the analyzed water samples had elevated levels of calcium as compared to WHO guideline for calcium. Turbidity levels in majority of water samples were beyond the recommended guideline value. Both Sr/Ni ratio and Li/Ni ratio were greater than 1. Furthermore, four heavy metals namely, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb were used in a multivariate hazard analysis. The hazard analysis aimed at evaluating a potential human health risks associated with water consumption from the study area. The analysis included, heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), degree of metal contamination (Cd), and hazard quotient which yields hazard index (HI). Generally, there was no apparent risk to water consumers from being exposed to studied metals. Nevertheless, knowledge and awareness of the quality of drinking water is crucial, hence, the presence of trace and heavy metals in water sources necessitates the need of regular monitory of water sources. Therefore, a good and sustainable management of drinking water quality is an inevitable factor in preventing and controlling of the waterborne diseases.
Abstract: Physico-chemical parameters of groundwater resources were studied in Fuoni area allocated at West District of Zanzibar Island. In June 2014, water samples were collected from ten groundwater sources for physico-chemical analysis. The chemical parameters include twenty metals (Al, As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr (III), Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr,...
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