Bacterial Abundance – Chlorophyll a Concentration Relationships in Cross River Basin, Southeastern Nigeria: An Evaluation of Empirical Bacterial Abundance – Chlorophyll a Models Using a Multivariate Analysis
Inyang,
Aniefiok I,
Antai,
Ekpo E,
Dan,
Monica U
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
72-85
Received:
30 September 2015
Accepted:
15 October 2015
Published:
3 November 2015
Abstract: The relationship between bacteria and chlorophyll a was investigated for three months from July to September, 2008 during flood and ebb tide periods at two sites in the Cross River basin, southeastern Nigeria, to ascertain the reliance of bacteria on autochthonous organic matter. There was no significant difference between flood water and ebb water samples at both stations for the entire variable measured. Bacterial cell abundance showed a weak positive correlation with chlorophyll a concentration at Station 1 (r* = 0.132, P > 0.05) and a strong positive correlation at Station 2 (r* = 0.599, P > 0.5). The micronutrients at both stations showed a weak negative correlation with chlorophyll a concentration. Linear regression analysis together with standardized coefficient value revealed a high bacteria/chlorophyll a relationship at Station 2 and a weak bacteria/chlorophyll a relationship at Station 1. Principal Component Analysis was applied to the measured variable, and a high correlation was observed between bacterial cell abundance and chlorophyll a concentration at Station 2. A strong reliance of bacteria on chlorophyll a was established at Station 2 whereas Station 1 showed a weak correlation indicating the strong dependence of bacteria on allochthonous organic matter. This bacterial abundance could serve as a good source food for protozoans in transferring energy to classic food chain.
Abstract: The relationship between bacteria and chlorophyll a was investigated for three months from July to September, 2008 during flood and ebb tide periods at two sites in the Cross River basin, southeastern Nigeria, to ascertain the reliance of bacteria on autochthonous organic matter. There was no significant difference between flood water and ebb water...
Show More
Effects of Water Pipe Leaks on Water Quality and on Non-Revenue Water: Case of Arusha Municipality
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
86-91
Received:
30 October 2015
Accepted:
9 November 2015
Published:
24 November 2015
Abstract: Utilities can no longer tolerate inefficiencies in water distribution systems and the resulting loss of revenue associated with underground water system leakage. Increases in pumping, treatment and operational costs make these losses prohibitive. Chronic water losses have been the hallmark of Tanzania especially AUWSA water management over the decades. The aim of this research was to assess effects of water pipe leaks on water quality and on non revenue water. Out of 140 respondents it was found out that unauthorized connections (illegal and by pass) account to 24%, while 30% of respondents identified leakages from water system (transmission mains, distribution mains, utility’s reservoirs, service connections); 16% due to stopped/malfunctions water meters (Bulk and customer water meters), whilst 14% respondents enumerated that is caused by other reasons like corruption and bribery among meter readers. The combination of both leakage and low pressure is a source of contamination of pipe water because it allows contaminants to siphon into the water system hence bacterial contamination (TC averaged to 67.5 CFU/100ml and FC averaged to 4.0 CFU/100ml while pH range from 6.5 – 7.7 ). Community awareness programmes about NRW to all consumers must be conducted to ensure that customer confidence in the utility‘s services is maintained. A key element in this is open communication like public should be able to easily contact the utility to report burst pipes, leakages, or other concerns.
Abstract: Utilities can no longer tolerate inefficiencies in water distribution systems and the resulting loss of revenue associated with underground water system leakage. Increases in pumping, treatment and operational costs make these losses prohibitive. Chronic water losses have been the hallmark of Tanzania especially AUWSA water management over the deca...
Show More
Exploring the Socio-Ecological Characteristics of Gahkuch Marshland: A Unique Wetlands Ecosystem in Hindukush Mountain Ranges
Yawar Abbas,
Babar Khan,
Farasat Ali,
Garee Khan,
Syed Naeem Abbas,
Rizwan Karim,
Saeed Abbas,
Nawazish Ali,
Ejaz Hussain
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
92-99
Received:
8 November 2015
Accepted:
17 November 2015
Published:
10 December 2015
Abstract: Gahkuch marshland spreading over 133.54 hectare amidst Hindukush mountain ranges in northern Pakistan is characterized by typical wetlands ecosystem, comprising of small lakes, streams, peat lands, bogs, marshy areas and riverain forests. The area abodes largest resident population of waterfowl in Gilgit- Baltistan, in addition to providing wintering and staging ground for a large number of migratory birds and other aquatic life. A detailed socio ecological study conducted during August to September, 2011 revealed that the area is rich in biodiversity, harboring eight large and three small mammal species, 35 species of birds, seven species of fish, eight species of trees and 18 species of medicinal and economic plants and seventeen families of benthic-macro invertebrates. Moreover, six physical, nineteen chemical and three biological parameters of water bodies were also determined. In addition to its ecological significance the area also supports livelihoods of about 10000 people by providing timber, fuel wood, grazing ground and fish resources. Anthropogenic pressures includes solid waste, influent and illegal hunting were key threats to wetlands and its resources. Wetlands management planning in collaboration with key stakeholders would be effective approach to protect important biodiversity and wetlands resources of the area.
Abstract: Gahkuch marshland spreading over 133.54 hectare amidst Hindukush mountain ranges in northern Pakistan is characterized by typical wetlands ecosystem, comprising of small lakes, streams, peat lands, bogs, marshy areas and riverain forests. The area abodes largest resident population of waterfowl in Gilgit- Baltistan, in addition to providing winteri...
Show More
