-
An Evaluation of Chrome (Cr3+) Removal from Tannery Wastewater by Using PTFE (HP) and PTFE (HCP) Membranes in MD Process
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
68-73
Received:
30 May 2022
Accepted:
24 June 2022
Published:
24 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.mc.20221003.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: One of the most important industries is tannery industry. The tannery industry makes the base for some countries due to large exportation of this product. In this article Membrane Distillation (MD), has been used with two types of membrane for removal Chromium ion from tannery wastewater. The measurement of chrome before and after MD has been done by HACH instrument, Method 8030 with all kits needed to achieve the tests. All other instruments have been achieved according to APHA, AWWA, and WEF. The membrane that has been used are the first is (HP) Poly tetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic (PTFE), the second is acrylic copolymer (HCP), (Pall Corporation) water. The results of tested for the first membrane confirmed that the efficiency removal reaches 82.79% then lower until it reaches 72.51%. Conversely, the efficiency for the second membrane will be 47.31%, after time the removal rate drops to 35.24%. In this time, it's better to washing the membrane to reactivating again. The first membrane is more useful when simple sedimentation performed to get rid of the settable materials. The action of temperature in the work appears in the efficiency and removal by MD, so as the temperature increases, the chrome removal efficiency increases.
Abstract: One of the most important industries is tannery industry. The tannery industry makes the base for some countries due to large exportation of this product. In this article Membrane Distillation (MD), has been used with two types of membrane for removal Chromium ion from tannery wastewater. The measurement of chrome before and after MD has been done ...
Show More
-
Theranostic Agent Study for Cancer Treatment by the TDDFT Method: Case of Some Ruthenium Azopyridine Complexes
Wawohinlin Patrice Ouattara,
Kafoumba Bamba,
Kouakou Nobel Nguessan,
Tuo Nanou Tieba,
Konate Bibata,
Ouattara Lamoussa,
Affi Sopi Thomas,
Charles Guillaume Kodjo,
Nahosse Ziao
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
74-85
Received:
21 August 2022
Accepted:
6 September 2022
Published:
19 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.mc.20221003.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The interest of ruthenium azopyridine complexes lies in the diversity of their properties. The use of these complexes in this work is part of the dynamics to fight against cancer. The main objective is to show by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method the possibility of using these complexes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Optimization, frequency calculation and properties of the β and d isomers of these azopyridine complexes were determined using DFT and TDDFT methods at the B3LYP/Lanl2DZ level. The results of this analysis show on the one hand that the most cytotoxic isomers by mode of intercalation between DNA base pairs are the δ-RuCl2 (Azpy)2 and δ-RuCl2 (Nazpy)2. The free enthalpy of reaction values indicate that the substitution of the phenyl group by the naphthol group changes the stability of these azopyridine complexes. In terms of reactivity, it can be said that the substitution decreases the nucleophilicity and increases the electrophilicity of these ruthenium azopyridine complexes. The Nazpy isomers are the most soluble in organic solvents. On the other hand, Nazpy isomers were discovered the best complexes suitable for diagnostic and deep penetration treatments. Furthermore, the substitution of the phenyl group by the naphthol group improves the cytotoxicity and fluorescence properties of these complexes. Therefore, for the subsequent work, we would like to extend this study to the elucidation of the mechanism of photodynamic therapy regarding these Nazpy ruthenium complexes.
Abstract: The interest of ruthenium azopyridine complexes lies in the diversity of their properties. The use of these complexes in this work is part of the dynamics to fight against cancer. The main objective is to show by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method the possibility of using these complexes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Optimization, ...
Show More
-
Investigating the Current Level of Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters in Water of Lake Ziway, Oromia Region - Ethiopia
Tefera Wakuma,
Adelew Estifanos,
Melaku Zigde
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
86-92
Received:
8 August 2022
Accepted:
5 September 2022
Published:
19 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.mc.20221003.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Pollution from a single, easily identifiable source, such as an industrial facility or sewage treatment plant, is referred to as point-source pollution. Nonpoint-Source pollution is contamination that originates from multiple sources rather than just one. Lake Ziway is one of the Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes that have been impacted by both anthropogenic and natural activities. Large-scale projects, domestic waste influents, pesticide use that wasn't foreseen, industrial and domestic wastes, etc. are a few of the factors contributing to the pollution. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the current concentrations of a few specific heavy metals and physicochemical components in the water of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia) as a result of point and nonpoint influent discharges. Method: The physico-chemical parameters including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, turbidity, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, and total hardness were investigated using the Palin test photometer, while the Cr, Pb, and Ni concentrations in collected water samples were determined using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Result: Phosphorus, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, magnesium, calcium, chromium, lead, and nickel are just a few of the parameters that were over the standard limit values at location "A", and they are also revealed to be above the standard limit values at site "B" and site "C" chromium, nickel, and zinc requirements are higher than recommended by WHO standards. Conclusion: In this article we investigated the levels of some heavy metals, i.e. chromium, lead, nickel, Zinc and physicochemical paramters including BOD, COD, PH, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrates, phosphates, and total hardness. The expansion of large-scale investment projects, such as irrigation-based agricultural development activities, floriculture industries, unplanned use of agrochemicals, domestic waste influents from Ziway/Batu town, and rivers like the Meki Rivers in Meki town (about 30 km far from Ziway) that flow into Lake Ziway carry contaminated discharge from industrial and domestic sources, are currently putting pressure on Lake Ziway.
Abstract: Background: Pollution from a single, easily identifiable source, such as an industrial facility or sewage treatment plant, is referred to as point-source pollution. Nonpoint-Source pollution is contamination that originates from multiple sources rather than just one. Lake Ziway is one of the Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes that have been impacted by bo...
Show More
-
Determination of the Level of Toxic Heavy Metals in Selected Traditional Medicinal Plants in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Dawit Darcha,
Abebe Desalegne,
Biruk Bezabeh Yimam,
Turunesh Debela Jufar
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
93-97
Received:
17 August 2022
Accepted:
13 September 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.mc.20221003.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Although medicinal plants may be produced in polluted soil or water settings, their extracts have long been utilized to treat illnesses affecting the general populace. Many of these herbs are collected and prepared in an unsanitary way by untrained local natural healers and other sellers. As a result, there is a chance that potentially harmful elements from the environment will contaminate the area. In this study, the five most prevalent poisonous heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury) were measured in five medicinal plants used extensively in southwest Ethiopia's Sheka Zone., including Bersama abyssinica, Calpurnia aurea, Croton macrostachyus, Eucalyptus globules, and Solanum incanum. The Tepi district in southwest Ethiopia provided the plant samples, which were then cleaned, dried, disinfected with 0.1% HgCl, digested with 69% HNO3 and 35% H2O2, and then subjected to AAS analysis. According to the study's findings, neither cadmium nor mercury was found in Solanum incanum. Additionally, Bersama abyssinica and Croton macrostachyus also do not contain mercury. Cd (below detection limit (BDL) to 0.6012 ppm), As (below detection limit (BDL) to 0.032 ppm), Hg (below detection limit (BDL) to 0.020 ppm), Cr (0.75 0.18 to 1.32 0.21), and Pb (below detection limit (BDL) to 0.0200 ppm) were the harmful heavy metals with the widest concentration ranges (0.01013 ppm to 0.4012 ppm). The findings demonstrate that while these plant species were below the WHO permitted limits for consumed therapeutic herbs; their usage for disease prevention will not cause heavy metal toxicity and may even be advantageous to users who are deficient in micronutrients.
Abstract: Although medicinal plants may be produced in polluted soil or water settings, their extracts have long been utilized to treat illnesses affecting the general populace. Many of these herbs are collected and prepared in an unsanitary way by untrained local natural healers and other sellers. As a result, there is a chance that potentially harmful elem...
Show More
-
Direct Multi-element Analysis of Liquids (Water) in Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
98-105
Received:
19 July 2022
Accepted:
11 August 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.mc.20221003.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Attempts to conduct direct mass spectral elemental analysis of liquids have been made many times. ICP mass spectrometry used for elemental analysis of liquids has a significant drawback — a large matrix effect, which limits its use for the analysis of liquids with a high content of impurities. The paper considers the possibility of direct multi-element analysis of water in glow discharge mass spectrometry. To carry out such an analysis, an ion source based on a hollow cathode was used. The method is based on the phenomenon of physical adsorption and desorption of water and its components on a metal surface. A capillary is inserted into the hollow cathode of the ion source, through which water with impurity elements is introduced into the source using a peristaltic pump. Water spreads and wets the metal surface; impurities are adsorbed on the metal surface around the capillary. Water evaporates in a vacuum. The glow discharge is excited in water vapor. Ions are pulled out of the negative glow, bombard the cathode-metal surface and desorb water molecules and impurities contained therein. Several designs of a source for supplying water to the spray area are given. In steady-state mode, the rate of water input into the source is less than 1 mm3/min, the adsorbed liquid layer is constantly updated. If the water flow rate is too high, an ice plug forms at the end of the capillary, which is sprayed in the discharge. To test the source, various elements were introduced into the analyzed water. At the same time, ICP mass spectrometry standards were used. Mass spectra of elements contained in water are obtained. Elemental sensitivity at the ppb level is achieved. The absolute sensitivity of the method is 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than the absolute sensitivity of the ICP mass spectrometry method. In the glow discharge, the matrix effect is absent, or is insignificant. Solutions of caustic sodium and caustic potassium with a concentration of components up to 20% were introduced into the ion source. Even with such a high concentration of components, the source continued to function. The proposed method is completely new, and obviously needs further research and improvement. In turn, the author is ready to provide consulting services to all interested persons and organizations.
Abstract: Attempts to conduct direct mass spectral elemental analysis of liquids have been made many times. ICP mass spectrometry used for elemental analysis of liquids has a significant drawback — a large matrix effect, which limits its use for the analysis of liquids with a high content of impurities. The paper considers the possibility of direct multi-ele...
Show More
