Study of the Mechanism of Coke Formation of Oil Residue and Coal Raw Materials
Joseph Donkor Appiah,
Pavel Leonidovich Shapovalov
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
1-5
Received:
20 August 2019
Accepted:
9 March 2020
Published:
23 March 2020
Abstract: This thesis examines how temperature affects the coke obtained from coal pitch and oil residue. The types of coke suitable for use as electrodes and anodes have been identified. A review of existing technologies capable of solving problems with the use of coal tar pitch has been conducted. Studies and experiments were conducted on the coking of heavy feedstock with different chemical composition (HGO FCC, tar and coal pitch). Three experiments were conducted using each feedstock (FCC, tar, coal pitch) for a period of 5 hours. To find out the effect of residence time on the coking, three sets of experiments for each feedstock were performed by first heating the samples for 4 hours to the set temperature and maintaining this temperature for another 5hours (9 hours in total). The dependence of the heating mode of the coking chambers on the material balance was studied. Samples of the coke formed from the coking were studied at the laboratory to determine the possibility of using them as anode in the aluminum industry and electrode in steel industry. The relevance of the work is explained by the good applicability of the coking process both for processing heavier types of oil raw materials, increasing the depth of selection of light distillate fractions.
Abstract: This thesis examines how temperature affects the coke obtained from coal pitch and oil residue. The types of coke suitable for use as electrodes and anodes have been identified. A review of existing technologies capable of solving problems with the use of coal tar pitch has been conducted. Studies and experiments were conducted on the coking of hea...
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Comparisons of Different Types of Organic Manures Integrated in Diverse Ratios with Inorganic N Fertilizer in Terms of Maize Yield and Productivity
Mussaddiq Khan Khalil,
Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi,
Muhammad Owais Khan,
Mukhtiar Ali,
Waqar Ali,
Muhammad Tariq,
Sultan Nawaz
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
6-11
Received:
19 September 2019
Accepted:
29 September 2019
Published:
1 April 2020
Abstract: In modern agriculture the integration of organic and inorganic fertilizers has been proved as the best technique to maximize the nutrient availability to crops for longer period of time and to minimize the essential nutrients loss from rhizosphere soil. However, most of the researchers and farmers are uninformed of that which is the best fertilizer integration ratio and what type of organic manure should be used for obtaining good fertile soil and economical crop yield. In response of the above question the present research experiment was carried out in in kharif season 2018 at Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI), Nowshera, KPK, Pakistan to investigate the performance of maize crop in response to different types of organic manures integrated with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in distinct ratios based on % nitrogen (N). Total 9 treatments were used in the experiment such as T1 (Control=100%N from Urea), T2 (50%N from SSB+50%N from Urea), T3 (50%N from SCB+50%N from Urea), T4 (50%N from PL+50%N from Urea), T5 (50%N from FYM+50%N from Urea), T6 (25%N from SSB+75%N from Urea), T7 (25%N from SCB+75%N from Urea), T8 (25%N from PL+75%N from Urea) and T9 (25%N from FYM+75%N from Urea). The outcomes of the experiment revealed that all the treatments have significantly affected the kernel yield, plant height, 100 kernel weight and ear length while the number of kernel rows was non-significant. Treatments having 1:1 combination (T2, T3, T4 and T5) has far more better results as compared to 3:1 ratio combination (T6, T7, T8 and T9) and 1:0 ratio combination (T1). Among 1:1 treatment the overall performance of treatment T2 (50%N from soya bean straw biochar (SSB)+50%N from urea) was best of all increasing the kernel yield, plant height, 100 kernel weight, ear length and kernel rows per cob up to 54.5%, 15.2%, 16%, 17.7% and 8.1% respectively more than any other treatment. Hence integration of soya bean straw biochar with urea in 1:1 based on %N is advised for maximum yield and better growth performance of maize. Such studies on different cereal and leguminous crops under different soil and climatic conditions is recommended for vast spread application and authorization of results.
Abstract: In modern agriculture the integration of organic and inorganic fertilizers has been proved as the best technique to maximize the nutrient availability to crops for longer period of time and to minimize the essential nutrients loss from rhizosphere soil. However, most of the researchers and farmers are uninformed of that which is the best fertilizer...
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The Adsorption Efficiency of Modified Fly Ash for the Removal of Iron and Zinc Ions
Mohammed Sulieman Ali Eltoum,
Sahl Yasin
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
12-17
Received:
21 October 2019
Accepted:
14 November 2019
Published:
13 April 2020
Abstract: The aim of study was to reduce chemical contaminant from water and wastewater by adopting low-cost adsorption process over modified fly ash, which prepared easily by two methods, alkaline added under hydrothermal conditions, some physio-chemical technique used to characterize the modified fly ash as XRF, XRD, BET technique and scanning electron microscopy SEM. The result showed that the modified fly ash has crystal structure hexagonal and it attributed to zeolite A, the regarding of crystal structure, specific surface area and external morphology examined by SEM, the estimation of specific surface area affiliated to type (IIB) isotherm which is similar to non-porous or macroporous materials, finding results showed that the modified fly ash described better to both Freundlich and Langmuir model isotherm for removal mechanism, the maximum adsorption capacity qmax for Zn2+ an Fe2+ is 114.2 and 196.7 mg/L respectively, furthermore, iron and zinc ions removed well by direct method SZ1 due to the crystal lattice structure, big surface area and pore size 49.317 and 38.813 m2/g respectively, finally modified fly ash can be used as low-cost adsorption material due to the nature of ion- exchange and performance in adsorption according to their big surface area.
Abstract: The aim of study was to reduce chemical contaminant from water and wastewater by adopting low-cost adsorption process over modified fly ash, which prepared easily by two methods, alkaline added under hydrothermal conditions, some physio-chemical technique used to characterize the modified fly ash as XRF, XRD, BET technique and scanning electron mic...
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