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Theoretical Investigations of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions of (E)-1-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-Phenylprop-2-en-1-one Momoners and Dimers: NBO, QTAIM and NCI Study
Adenidji Ganiyou,
Kicho Denis Yapo,
Doumadé Zon,
Mamadou Guy-Richard Kone
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
80-94
Received:
19 August 2019
Accepted:
16 September 2019
Published:
9 October 2019
Abstract: Hydrogen bonding is an essential interaction in nature and plays a crucial role in many formations of materials and biological processes, requiring a deeper understanding of its formation. Benzimidazole is an important structural unit found in a large number of natural and pharmacologically active molecules. In the present work, the electronic structures and properties and relatives stabilities of a series of (E)-1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one monomers and dimers have been studied by density functional theory using B3LYP 6-31+G (d, p) calculation level. the strengths of the noncovalent interactions have been analyzed in terms of the QTAIM analysis, NCI analysis and natural bond orbital approaches. It was found that the dimers are formed by double N-H⋯O hydrogen bond. QTAIM analysis proved the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bond in monomers and coexistence of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bond in dimers. Frequency analysis show that intermolecular N-H⋯O interactions are proper hydrogen bond while intramolecular C-H⋯N, C-H⋯O, C-H⋯H-C interactions are improper hydrogen bond. NBO and NCI analyses confirm the existence of hydrogen bonds in the studied monomers and dimers. The presence of weakly electron acceptor group on benzene ring favor the total interaction energy of dimerization.
Abstract: Hydrogen bonding is an essential interaction in nature and plays a crucial role in many formations of materials and biological processes, requiring a deeper understanding of its formation. Benzimidazole is an important structural unit found in a large number of natural and pharmacologically active molecules. In the present work, the electronic stru...
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Level of Selected Elements in Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces and Lippia asperifolia Leaves and Their Possible Effects on Human Blood Pressure
Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed,
Ibrahim Ahmed Abass,
Mayassa Salum Ally
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
95-102
Received:
19 December 2018
Accepted:
15 January 2019
Published:
10 October 2019
Abstract: The levels of selected elements in Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces and Lippia asperifolia leaves were determined for possible effects on human blood pressure. The aim was to determine the level of selected elements in each species and comparing the iron level, while investigation of their possible effects on human blood pressure was also highlighted. Ten samples each from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces and Lippia asperifolia leaves were collected from four areas of Zanzibar Island (Bububu and Mtoni for Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Kombeni and Fuoni for Lippia asperifolia). The X-ray fluorescence method of analysis was used using EDXRF equipment at TAEC, Arusha, Tanzania. The summary of the analyzed elements is; Ca in L. asperifolia ˃ Ca in H. sabdariffa; Fe in L. asperifolia ˃ Fe in H. sabdariffa; P in L. asperifolia ˃ Fe in H. sabdariffa; K in L. asperifolia ˂ K in H. sabdariffa. Human blood pressures (fifty participants) were investigated before and after providing each participant with 300 mL of the extracted juice. The participants’ blood pressures were recorded at 30-minute intervals after oral intake of the juice, which was done using clinically validated blood pressure arm monitor. The results obtained show that, the provision of juices caused participants’ Systolic blood pressures (SBPs) as well their Diastolic Blood Pressures (DBPs) to drop remarkably. Following data analysis, the use of juices made from H. sabdariffa calyces and L. asperifolia leaves could be a good source of raising the level human hemoglobin (high iron content present in these plant species). Comparatively, L. asperifolia (due to high iron content present) could be a good and preferred source for increasing human blood level than H. sabdariffa. However, both plant species have negative relationship with SBPs and DBPs. Nevertheless, people are obliged to seek medical advice before their frequent and long consumption of these plant materials, this due to their significant impact on human blood pressure.
Abstract: The levels of selected elements in Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces and Lippia asperifolia leaves were determined for possible effects on human blood pressure. The aim was to determine the level of selected elements in each species and comparing the iron level, while investigation of their possible effects on human blood pressure was also highlighted. T...
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Soil Nutrient Variations Between Soil Depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) Around Cement Factories, Ethiopia
Yohannse Habteyesus Yitagesu,
Kebede Dinkecha
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
103-108
Received:
16 August 2019
Accepted:
25 October 2019
Published:
30 October 2019
Abstract: This study was conducted with an aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil properties with depth under cement dust pollution areas. In soil there is nutrient variation in different depths, the variations can also affected by the anthropogenic factors. In this study, the nutrient variation between soil depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) in cement dust pollution fields has been assessed. A total of 72 soil samples from 0-20cm & 20-40cm depths at different distance from the factories (0-500m, 500-1500m & ≈4000m) were collected and analyzed at Holeta agricultural chemistry laboratory. The parameters analyzed includes: major physico-chemical properties (Total Nitrogen, Organic carbon, Potassium, Phosphorus, pH, Moisture, soil texture, Bulk density, SO4-S and Cation Exchange Capacity). One-way ANOVA were used to compare the mean values between experimental fields (distance from the factory and soil depths) with SPSS statistical software. At p<0.05, there is no significance differences is occurs in the analyzed parameters between soil depths. However trends have shown that the PH, Organic carbon, Total Nitrogen, clay content, Phosphorus, Potassium and Sulfur level declines top to down (from 0-20cm to 20-40cm depths). The trends of Soil bulk density increased from top to bottom, this might be due to loading effect. Electric conductivity decline with soil depths near to the factory but increased top to bottom as far from the factories. From the data, the cement dust pollution can influence in nutrient variations and therefore need to monitor to regulate the pollution of emanate dust.
Abstract: This study was conducted with an aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil properties with depth under cement dust pollution areas. In soil there is nutrient variation in different depths, the variations can also affected by the anthropogenic factors. In this study, the nutrient variation between soil depths (0-20cm & 20-40cm) in cement dust p...
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Impact of Phosphorite on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Water Soluble Phosphorous Extracted from Incubated Citrus Waste Compost
Mussaddiq Khan Khalil,
Dost Muhammad,
Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi,
Sultan Nawaz,
Farooq Ishaq
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
109-113
Received:
17 August 2019
Accepted:
21 October 2019
Published:
30 October 2019
Abstract: Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting media. Citrus waste consisting pulp, fruits skin and juice with total net weight of 500 g (fresh) were added with 0, 15, 30 and 60 g of RP (equivalent to 0, 3, 6 and 12%, respectively) and were incubated in oven at 36°C ± 2 for 180 days. All pots were also added with 20 mL water and 20 g FYM to optimize the moisture level and augment the microbial decay in pots. Results showed that RP mixed citrus waste had higher pH, EC and more water-soluble P as compared to non-treated citrus waste (control) at all incubation intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 d suggesting releases of salts and P from RP. These values of pH, EC and water-soluble P increased with increase in RP levels and passage of time which could be associated to neutralization of RP with organic acids of citrus and CO2 mineralization with time. It is concluded that addition of RP not only enhanced the quality of compost but could also promote the citrus waste decomposition process. Though the higher RP levels was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long-term recommendations.
Abstract: Citrus waste having acidic reaction may have additional advantage over other organic residues as compost materials in alkaline calcareous soil but the process of its composting is very slow. In this study an attempt was made to access the release of P from RP added citrus waste during 180 of incubation and its effect on pH and EC of the composting ...
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PP-coir Composites (PPCC): Fabrication and Study of Flexural Properties
Md. Nazrul Islam,
M. A. Gafur
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
114-117
Received:
8 August 2019
Accepted:
31 October 2019
Published:
4 December 2019
Abstract: Today we are more concern about the environment. Synthetic polymers are the most responsible pollutant for environmental pollution. Good replacing agents for the synthetic polymers are the natural polymer. That is why the uses of natural fiber reinforced composites are increasing day-by-day. In this research natural polymer coir fiber was used as the reinforcing agent with the synthetic polymer polypropylene. PP-coir composites were fabricated using a simple hot press molding method. The prepared composites were characterized by the density, tensile, and flexural properties. The effect of fiber addition on some physical and mechanical properties was evaluated. The density increases with the increase of fiber addition. The tensile strength of fabricated product increases with the increase of fiber addition up to 10% (wt.) and then decreases continuously. The elongation of fabricated product decreases with the increase of fiber addition continuously. The changes in the mechanical properties were broadly related to the accompanying interfacial bonding of PP- coir composites (PPCC). It revealed that the introduction of short coir fiber led to a slightly improved thermo oxidative stability of PP- Coir composites. The flexural strain of fabricated product decreases continuously with the increase of fiber addition. But here untreated fiber reinforced composites show higher strain than that of treated fiber reinforced composites.
Abstract: Today we are more concern about the environment. Synthetic polymers are the most responsible pollutant for environmental pollution. Good replacing agents for the synthetic polymers are the natural polymer. That is why the uses of natural fiber reinforced composites are increasing day-by-day. In this research natural polymer coir fiber was used as t...
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