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Genetic Assessment of the Shrub Syncepalum dulcificum (SCHUMACH & THONN.) Daniell in Nigeria Using the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
Iloh Andrew Chibuzor,
Orosun Bukola,
Akinyele Olukemi Adejoke,
Onyenekwe Paul Chidozie
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
45-50
Received:
27 December 2016
Accepted:
7 January 2017
Published:
24 January 2017
Abstract: In order to advocate for informed management decisions with regards to endangered species, we assessed genetic diversity and genetic structure in 40 individuals of six natural populations of the shrub Syncepalum dulcificum (SCHUMACH & THONN.) DANIELL growing in South Western Nigeria. Twelve (12) Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were tested on total genomic DNA extracted from silica gel dried leaves. Bands were then scored for reproducibility and scoring error calculated. Several genetic diversity parameters were then tested using the POPGENE v1.32 software. Five (5) primers produced 227 reproducible and clear RAPD bands of which 47 were polymorphic (20.7%). The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPI) within populations ranged from 36% to 68%. Nei’s gene diversity among population (Hs) was 0.03, while at species level (Ht) was 0.18. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) among populations was estimated to be 0.83 with a gene flow rate (Nm) of 2.49 showing high genetic diversity within and among populations. The results however indicate a high similarity between the populations as well as close genetic relationship among them. We infer that S. dulcificum in Nigeria does not represent a genetically diverse population and this may be accounted for due the plant’s its breeding system which is mainly autogamous. This study further suggests an in-situ form of conservation be set up as immediate rescue conservation procedure for the plant.
Abstract: In order to advocate for informed management decisions with regards to endangered species, we assessed genetic diversity and genetic structure in 40 individuals of six natural populations of the shrub Syncepalum dulcificum (SCHUMACH & THONN.) DANIELL growing in South Western Nigeria. Twelve (12) Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were ...
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Future Medicine such as Gene or Stem Cell Therapy Are Better Than Non biological or Some Biological (Antibiotic)
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
51-54
Received:
17 September 2016
Accepted:
19 October 2016
Published:
25 January 2017
Abstract: At present all the drug both some biological (only antibiotic or antimicrobial agent) and Non biological drug gradually decrease their efficacy. Biological drugs such as antimicrobial agents, antibiotics are gradually resistance by microorganism. After 20 to 40 years later 60 to 90 percent antibiotics or antimicrobial agents will be resistance by microorganism. Non biological drug could not bind properly with their specific receptor due to structural change of receptor or decrease the affinity of drug to receptor. After 30 to 40 years later the drug efficacy will be gradually decrease at low level and show low therapeutic effect.At this time the innovative treatment such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy are the more dependable treatment for control or prevent or cure of the diseases. Specific gene therapy used for specific disease control or cure. Manipulation of gene in the human cell and produce protective agent (such as protein, antibody, enzyme) which inhibit the growth or kill of the microorganism and also control the hormonal diseases and cellular function and this protective agent such as protein which bind with receptor (structural change receptor which could not bind with Non biological drug) and give the desire function.On the other hand, stem cell therapy which control the all abnormal cell such as cancer cell, hormonal disfunction cell etc and prevent the diseases and give the desires cellular function.
Abstract: At present all the drug both some biological (only antibiotic or antimicrobial agent) and Non biological drug gradually decrease their efficacy. Biological drugs such as antimicrobial agents, antibiotics are gradually resistance by microorganism. After 20 to 40 years later 60 to 90 percent antibiotics or antimicrobial agents will be resistance by m...
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Fetal Stem Cells Use in Complex Treatment of Patients with Acquired Aplastic Anemia and Therapy Effect on Recovery of Hematopoietic Functions
Mikhail M. Shulak,
Mariya O. Klunnyk,
Iryna G. Matiyashchuk,
Olena V. Ivankova,
Marina V. Skalozub,
Nataliia S. Sych,
Mariya P. Demchuk,
Andriy A. Sinelnyk,
Timur V. Karayev,
Khrystyna I. Sorochynska
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
55-60
Received:
25 January 2017
Accepted:
20 February 2017
Published:
21 March 2017
Abstract: The principal objective was studying effects of complex treatment using fetal stem cells (FSCs) on recovery of hematopoietic function. 50 patients suffering from aplastic anemia of different disease severity were under study and underwent complex treatment by use of cryopreserved suspensions containing fetal liver cells extracted from 7-12 week gestation fetuses. During the above study we proved effectiveness of FSCs use for the patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AAA). Positive effects on patient’s subjective assessment of his/her condition along with an objective increase of tolerance to physical exercises were reported as early as during the first week after FSCs transplantation. We also recorded a stabilization of erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, platelets and leukocytes values in all patients under study. Reverse of infectious, hemorrhagic and anemic syndromes was achieved after treatment by use of FSCs. Significantly high erythrocytes and leucocytes counts controlled by laboratory tests together with reverse of anemia, hemorrhagic signs and infectious syndromes in the patients were also remarkable over 14 days after treatment. Within 7 days the patients felt improvement of their general state and increased tolerance to physical exercises. It has been proved that complex treatment by use of FSCs along with conventional therapy leads to stabilization of laboratory blood parameters and improved life quality among the patients with aplastic anemia.
Abstract: The principal objective was studying effects of complex treatment using fetal stem cells (FSCs) on recovery of hematopoietic function. 50 patients suffering from aplastic anemia of different disease severity were under study and underwent complex treatment by use of cryopreserved suspensions containing fetal liver cells extracted from 7-12 week ges...
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Immunobiology of Dental Tissue-Derived Stem Cells; As a Potentiated Candidate for Cell Therapy
Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh,
Elahe Reyhani,
Nazila Bahmaie
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
61-67
Received:
1 March 2016
Accepted:
22 March 2016
Published:
22 March 2017
Abstract: Background and aims: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, undifferentiated, heterogeneous and multipotential stem cells population with immunosuppressive capacities in innate and acquired immune systems. During last decade, they have glisten in regenerative medicine. They can differentiate into various cell types and secrete soluble growth factors that impact on host immune system. One of these newly introduced stem cells, are Dental tissue derived Stem Cells (D-SCs). They are able to hold immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects through cell-cell contact. Some of them are seen to be full of promising therapeutic applications. The aim of this study is to emphasize immune markers and biological effectiveness of these cells. Search method: Data of this study is collected from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct databases and Google Scholar search engine by using 6 keywords (as: Dental derived Stem Cells, Immunomodulation, Immune markers, Cell therapy, Tissue reconstruction, Therapeutic applications) ultimately from 60 articles of 2000 up to 2016. Results: Some recent studies demonstrate that D-SCs render their immunomodulatory functions through soluble factors such as Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase (IDO), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF- β) and Human Leukocyte Antigen G5 (HLA-G5). Also, others do it by interactions between DSCs and immune cells such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Conclusion: It appears that the immunomodulatory properties of dental MSCs is a promising window to cell-based therapy of immune and inflammation-related diseases.
Abstract: Background and aims: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, undifferentiated, heterogeneous and multipotential stem cells population with immunosuppressive capacities in innate and acquired immune systems. During last decade, they have glisten in regenerative medicine. They can differentiate into various cell types and secrete soluble...
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The Insertion Timing of PEGylated Lipids to Galactosylated Lipoplexes Is Important for Liver-Selective Transfection in Mice
Shintaro Fumoto,
Naoki Taniguchi,
Yuri Ikai,
Naoki Yoshikawa,
Hirotaka Miyamoto,
Hitoshi Sasaki,
Mitsuru Hashida,
Shigeru Kawakami,
Koyo Nishida
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
68-78
Received:
10 March 2016
Accepted:
22 March 2016
Published:
22 March 2017
Abstract: In the present study, we demonstrated the importance of PEGylation timing of galactosylated liposome/plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes (lipoplexes) for liver-selective transfection in mice. Because a fenestrated endothelium can be a barrier for penetration of lipoplexes though sinusoids, the particle size of lipoplexes is one of the determining factors for in vivo liver parenchymal cell (hepatocyte, PC)-selective transfection. Here, we found that syn-insertion, as a novel PEGylation timing, was useful to control the particle size of galactosylated lipoplexes. Syn-insertion of PEGylated lipids was performed by simple mixing of pDNA solution containing PEGylated lipids and dispersion of the cationic liposomes. Both syn- and pre-insertion of PEGylated lipids decreased the particle size of lipoplexes, whereas post-insertion did not. Moreover, syn-insertion of PEGylated lipids to galactosylated lipoplexes improved liver selectivity and the PC/non-parenchymal cell ratio of transgene expression after intravenous injection in mice. Hence, these data will be valuable for the design and preparation of PEGylated lipoplexes for gene targeting.
Abstract: In the present study, we demonstrated the importance of PEGylation timing of galactosylated liposome/plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes (lipoplexes) for liver-selective transfection in mice. Because a fenestrated endothelium can be a barrier for penetration of lipoplexes though sinusoids, the particle size of lipoplexes is one of the determining factors ...
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Transplantation of Embryonic Ventral Mesencephalic Tissue in 6-OHDA Induced Parkinsonism Rat Brain for Cell Based Therapy: A Perspective of Methods
Biswarup Ghosh,
Angelo Lepore,
George Smith
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
79-84
Received:
18 July 2016
Accepted:
29 July 2016
Published:
22 March 2017
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized as a disease of the basal ganglia, with a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra (SN) and projecting to the striatum with subsequently loss of the nigrostriatal circuit. The potential for therapeutic use of cell transplantation for cell replacement has received a great deal of interest. Transplantation with embryonic ventral mesencephalon (VM) is a therapeutic approach for sporadic form of PD. We established unilaterally 6-OHDA lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Motor behavioral impairment was found compared with normal rat. Embryonic VM tissue was isolated from E 14 (embryonic 14 days) rat brain. We characterized the VM tissue and dissociated cultured dopaminergic cells with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immune staining before transplantation in lesioned brain. We observed that the axons of dopaminergic neurons from transplanted VM graft circles round at the site of transplantation in normal adult rat brain. In this paper, we discuss the detailed methodologies which are very useful in preclinical research of cell based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized as a disease of the basal ganglia, with a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra (SN) and projecting to the striatum with subsequently loss of the nigrostriatal circuit. The potential for therapeutic use of cell transplantation for cell replacement has received a gr...
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