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Milk Productive Performances of Pure Jersey Dairy Cattle at Adea-Berga Dairy Research Center, Central Highland of Ethiopia
Nibo Beneberu,
Wossenie Shibabaw,
Kefale Getahun,
Kefyalew Alemayehu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-6
Received:
2 December 2021
Accepted:
27 December 2021
Published:
8 January 2022
Abstract: Performance evaluations for economically important milk production traits are the bases for genetic evaluation, planning breeding program and selection for dairy cows. This study was intended to evaluate milk production traits of pure Jersey dairy cows at Adea-Berga Dairy research center. The data collected from 1986 to 2019 from a herd maintained at Adea-Berga dairy research center was used to estimate milk production traits (lactation milk yield (LMY), daily milk yield (DMY) and lactation length (LL)). A general linear model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, version 9.0) was used to analyse the milk performance data. The result of fixed-effect analysis revealed that the influence of year and parity caused significant (p<0.0001) variation in all milk production traits. However, season of calving does not significantly affect milk production traits. Knowledge on the effect of these non-genetic factors for milk production would help in making management decisions for improvement of the herds. The overall least squares mean (LSM±SE) for LMY, DMY and LL were 2166.10±26.71 Litres, 6.37±0.05 Litres and 344.89±3.81 days, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the improvement of milk production traits of the pure Jersey cattle population at Adea-Berga dairy research center is possible through improving the level of feeding, breeding and health management than through genetic selection.
Abstract: Performance evaluations for economically important milk production traits are the bases for genetic evaluation, planning breeding program and selection for dairy cows. This study was intended to evaluate milk production traits of pure Jersey dairy cows at Adea-Berga Dairy research center. The data collected from 1986 to 2019 from a herd maintained ...
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Genotype by Environmental Interaction on Grain Quality of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes at Southern Ethiopia
Aliyi Kedir,
Tesfaye Letta
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
7-11
Received:
13 December 2021
Accepted:
5 January 2022
Published:
12 January 2022
Abstract: Information on the nature and magnitude of the genotype by environment interaction that affects performance of genotypes is essential to enhance the quality improvement of wheat. This study was conducted at five locations in southern Ethiopia using 4 replications of randomized complete block design to evaluate the nature and magnitude of genotype by environment interaction and its effect on grain quality of bread wheat genotypes. The objective of this study was to determine genotype x environment interaction (GEI) in wheat production in southern Ethiopia for some grain quality traits (grain protein content (GPC), grain gluten content (GLTN), grain zeleny index (LI), TKW and HLW). In this study twenty genotypes at five locations were conducted. Combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (P < 0.001) among environments, genotypes and their interactions in all quality traits included in this study. The significant GEI indicated that performance of the genotypes in quality traits was not consistent over environments; some genotypes performed well at some locations but poorly at other locations. The GEI (40.20%), the genotype (29.89%) and the environment (14.55%) made contribution to total treatment SS of HLW in which major variation is due to genotype x environment interaction for this trait. For GPC, GEI, environment and genotype made a contribution of 34.61%, 17.32% and 13.59% of variation respectively. For ZI, environment (51.10%), GEI (18.84%) and genotype (11.24%) contribution was observed. For this quality trait, high variation is made by environment. For GLTN, environment (33.31%), GEI (28.14%) and genotype (14.10%) contribution was made. In this quality trait, high variation is contributed due to environment as well and less contribution is made due to genotypes. Unsimilar proportional contribution from G, E and GEI was observed in TKW which was 40.32%, 26.35% and 12.72% for GEI, G and E respectively. Almost similar protein content was recorded at all tested locations numerically with the lowest (12.64%) at Bore and highest (13.81%) at A/Sorra. The highest TKW (60.33) from genotype Hidase, Zeleny Index (69.36ml) from Wane, grain protein content (14.38%) and gluten content (33.24%) from ETBW8407, and HLW (83.55) from Shorima was obtained. The lowest TKW (46.34) from old variety Kubsa, Zeleny Index (56.99ml) from Alidoro, grain protein conten (12.34%) from PBW-34, gluten content (27.00%) from PBW-34 again and the lowest HLW (74.83) from Kubsa was obtained. The variations observed to these quality traits among genotype across location, is due to year-to-year variation in factors such as rainfall, temperature and disease of the growing season.
Abstract: Information on the nature and magnitude of the genotype by environment interaction that affects performance of genotypes is essential to enhance the quality improvement of wheat. This study was conducted at five locations in southern Ethiopia using 4 replications of randomized complete block design to evaluate the nature and magnitude of genotype b...
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Review on Effect of Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield Stability Among Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) Genotypes
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
12-20
Received:
13 December 2021
Accepted:
5 January 2022
Published:
15 January 2022
Abstract: Sorghum is a prominent cereal crop, particularly in the world's semi-arid tropics. It is grown in over 105 countries across Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas on 40 million hectares. Sorghum is an important indigenous food crop, second only to teff in terms of production of injera (leavened native flat bread). The majority of sorghum varieties are recommended for various agro ecological zones (AEZs), and no single variety is appropriate for all of Ethiopia's circumstances (GxE). GxE affects grain yield, nutritional quality and content, as well as physicochemical and malting quality. The interaction of an organism's genetic composition with its environment results in phenotype, which is a physical trait. The presence of GEI complicates the selection of yield and yield-related traits. GEI can inhibit progress in the selection process and is a key driver of genotype-to-genotype yield stability differences. Plant breeders should investigate GEI in order to better understand crop development in relation to biophysical conditions. In different agro-ecologies, locales, and seasons, genotypes will respond differently. Agronomic/dynamic stability refers to a genotype's ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Breeders should encourage the development of varieties/hybrids that can adapt to a wide range of environments. Crossover and non-crossover gene x environment interactions (GEI) are the two forms of GEI. When there is a disparity in genotypic performance between individuals. Statistical analysis of yield studies can help agronomists, breeders, and other agricultural specialists make faster progress. G x E Interaction and Stability Analysis permits genotypes' relative performance and stability for yield and yield-related variables to be assessed. Therefore the objective of this review study is to assess the role of G x E on yield stability of sorghum.
Abstract: Sorghum is a prominent cereal crop, particularly in the world's semi-arid tropics. It is grown in over 105 countries across Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas on 40 million hectares. Sorghum is an important indigenous food crop, second only to teff in terms of production of injera (leavened native flat bread). The majority of sorghum varieties...
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Neuropsin (OPN5): A Non-visual UV Sensitive Photoreceptor Gene Expression Pattern Among Mega and Micro Bats
Steffi Christiane Ramesh,
Subbian Baskaran,
Uthandakalaipandian Ramesh,
Thangavel Karuppudurai
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
21-31
Received:
20 January 2022
Accepted:
11 February 2022
Published:
19 February 2022
Abstract: Bats are nocturnal animals with functional eyes and M/L and S opsin genes in the majority of the species. These genes are prerequisite for daylight, UV and dichromatic colour vision. Several studies suggest that other non-visual light-sensitive pigments are also involved in the UV light perception in animals. Recent behavioural, molecular and immunohistochemical evidence supports that the opsin-like gene, neuropsin (OPN5), is identified in humans, mice and birds, where it serves as a G protein-coupled UV-sensitive photoreceptor. Based on its low sequence homology with other opsin groups, OPN5 is classified as an independent group. While the roles of non-visual light-sensitive pigment OPN5 in bats remain an open question, here we report that bat’s neuropsin (OPN5) encoded by OPN5 gene shares 89-96% amino acid identity and similar domain organization with human and mouse OPN5. By PCR amplification, we confirm that all the mega and micro bats express the OPN5 gene in their genome. The expression of OPN5 is detectable only in the brain, eye and retina and not in the heart, kidney, liver, lungs and testis. This result suggests that OPN5 gene expression is neural specific in bats. OPN5 gene expression level is significantly higher in tree-roosting bats compared to cave-roosting bats. Since, the tree-roosting bats received slightly more sunlight every day when compared to cave-roosting bats. In captive conditions, the expression levels of OPN5 in the neural tissues are significantly lower than those of wild bats. Our preliminary results suggest that the opsin-like gene, neuropsin (OPN5) is involved in UV light perception in bats.
Abstract: Bats are nocturnal animals with functional eyes and M/L and S opsin genes in the majority of the species. These genes are prerequisite for daylight, UV and dichromatic colour vision. Several studies suggest that other non-visual light-sensitive pigments are also involved in the UV light perception in animals. Recent behavioural, molecular and immun...
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Evaluation of Sunflower Genotypes Using Principal Component Analysis
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
32-36
Received:
29 January 2022
Accepted:
21 February 2022
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: Evaluation of genetic resources using morphological, physiological and biochemical data is important for effective breeding program. Principal component analysis is one of the multivariate technique used genetic resources evaluation using bi plot diagrams. The present study was conducted to evaluate sunflower genotypes for genetic diversity using multivariate analysis particularly Principal component analysis. The study was conducted during 2017/18 at central highlands of Ethiopia using 25 sunflower genotypes. The genotypes were planted using lattice design with two replication in the main season at Holetta and Adadi. The data for fifteen quantitative traits; ray floret number, leaf number, petiole length, seed yield per plant, number of seed per plant, seed yield per hectare, oil yield, oil content, head diameter, stem diameter, plant height, days to flowering, days to maturity, seed filling percentage and hundred seed weight were collected and principal component analysis was done using SAS 9.3. Eigen value greater than one was observed for the first five principal components. The first five principal components extracted showed 84.72% of total variation. The first and the second principal components contributed more than half of the total variation. The first principal component attributes 31.9% of total variation whereas, the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth principal components contributes, 22.72%, 12.25%, 10.11%, and 7.75% respectively. Different traits contribute chiefly to different principal components. Among all traits studied days to maturity and seed filling percentage contributed to the variation in three principal components out of the total principal components. The results from this study showed that there is considerable variation for the traits studied in sunflower genotypes suggesting that there is an opportunity for genetic improvement through selection directly from genotypes and or their parents.
Abstract: Evaluation of genetic resources using morphological, physiological and biochemical data is important for effective breeding program. Principal component analysis is one of the multivariate technique used genetic resources evaluation using bi plot diagrams. The present study was conducted to evaluate sunflower genotypes for genetic diversity using m...
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KRAS and BRAF Mutations in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Senegal
Thiam Souleymane,
Dia Fatou Kine Sy Thorpe,
Sambiani Damigou Mawuli,
Diop Papa Saloum,
Ka Ibrahima,
Deguenonvo Gabriel Nougnignon Comlan,
Ndiaye Yaye Dié,
Cisse Fatou,
Ndiaye Arame,
Samba Abdourahmane,
Coly Najah Fatou,
Soumah Idrissa Yaya,
Diedhiou Fatou,
Agossou Hortence Honorine Médécé,
Gaye Amy,
Ndiaye Tolla,
Dial Cherif Mouhame,
Ndiaye Daouda,
Diallo Fatou
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
37-42
Received:
8 February 2022
Accepted:
1 March 2022
Published:
9 March 2022
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a public health problem in developing countries where chronic HBV is endemic. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations in patients with HCC. Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of KRAS and the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene were searched by HRM on Light Cycler 480 and confirmed by direct sequencing. A total of 34 HCC patients underwent molecular testing for codon 12 and 13 mutations in the KRAS gene and the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene. Melting curve analysis showed a prevalence of 23.5% (n=8/34) for the KRAS gene and 41.2% (n=14/34) for the BRAF gene. The mean age of BRAF mutation carriers was lower compared with KRAS mutation carriers. Chronic HBV carriage appeared to play a role in the development of these mutations, increasing the risk by 2 (CI(95)=0.55-7.24; p=0.395) for BRAF and by 1.78 (CI(95)=0.23-13.5; p=1) for KRAS. KRAS and BRAF mutations do not appear to play a role in tumor metastasis. However, these results need to be confirmed by further studies with a larger sample size. Alterations in the RAS/RAF/MAP Kinase pathway appear to be more prominent in HBV-induced HCC. This may hinder management with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the basis for treatment of advanced HCC.
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a public health problem in developing countries where chronic HBV is endemic. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations in patients with HCC. Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of KRAS and the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene were searched by HRM on Light Cycler 480 and confirm...
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