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Inheritance and Detection of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Some Egyptian Wheat Cultivars
Walid Mohamed El-Orabey,
Ola Ibrahim Mabrouk,
Mohamed AbdAllah Gad,
Samar Mohamed Esmail
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
1-10
Received:
20 November 2019
Accepted:
11 December 2019
Published:
4 January 2020
Abstract: Resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina can be improved in wheat cultivars by detection of leaf rust resistance genes that are present in the wheat cultivars. This study was carried out during 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19 growing seasons to study the inheritance and genetic nature of wheat leaf rust resistance in eight Egyptian bread wheat cultivars i.e. Gemmeiza 9, Gemmeiza 10, Gemmeiza 11, Gemmeiza 12, Sids 1, Sids 12, Sids 13 and Sids 14. Crosses were done between the eight tested wheat cultivars and the highly susceptible wheat variety; Thatcher to determine the nature of leaf rust resistance and number of leaf rust resistance genes in these cultivars. Also, crosses were done between the tested wheat cultivars and six leaf rust monogenic lines i.e. Lr 50, Lr 51, Lr 54, Lr 64, Lr 67 and Lr 68 to determine the presence of these genes in the tested cultivars. The F1 seeds were planted to produce F2 plants. The resulted F2 plants were tested at adult plant stage at Behira governorate during 2018/19 growing season. Segregations of F2 plants at adult plant stages indicated that the wheat cultivar Gemmeiza 12 has the two leaf rust resistance genes; Lr 50 and Lr 67 and the wheat cultivar Sids 14 has one leaf rust resistance gene; Lr 64. While, the other tested wheat cultivars doesn’t carry any of the tested leaf rust resistance genes at adult-plant stage. We recommend using these leaf rust resistance genes in the breeding program to improve wheat resistance to leaf rust.
Abstract: Resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina can be improved in wheat cultivars by detection of leaf rust resistance genes that are present in the wheat cultivars. This study was carried out during 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19 growing seasons to study the inheritance and genetic nature of wheat leaf rust resistance in eight Egyptian bread w...
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Selection of Early Bulking Performance Among Pro Vitamin A Cassava Genotypes Based on Selective Indices of Fresh Storage Root Yield and Harvest Index
Olusegun David Badewa,
Andrew Gana Saba,
Eli Kolo Tsado,
Kehinde Dele Tolorunse
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
11-18
Received:
2 December 2019
Accepted:
19 December 2019
Published:
4 January 2020
Abstract: Cassava provides energy sources for millions of people particularly in Africa where it is being planted mostly by rural subsistent farmers. The storage roots are rich in carbohydrates but deficient in vitamin A and consumption of which leads to hidden hunger as a result of insufficient intake of vitamins. The most widely approach in biofortification is conventional breeding which involves selection of varieties that is high in micronutrients such as vitamins and at the same time high yielding. However, cassava varieties cultivated by farmers usually stay long on the farmers field in a bid to wait to attain reasonable yield thereby preventing the land to be used for other crop cultivation. Another big issue is the problem of cattle invasion and bush fires that usually occurs in some areas. This has therefore necessitated the need to provide farmers with early bulking cassava varieties with considerable yield attainment and consequently reducing the stay of the crop on farmers’ field while also improving the nutritional status through biofortification. As a result of this development, the farmers would have harvested their crop before the usual invasion of animals on their farm. This study evaluated ten cassava genotypes (8 yellow genotypes and a check with 2 white cultivar) considering their harvest index and fresh storage root yield in order to select the highest performing genotypes and to determine the relationship between the two indices as a measure of performance in terms of yield. The first four genotype that had high Harvest Index was identified and these traits was also correlated with yield. The study revealed that IKN 120036 and IBA141092 were the highest performing genotypes in terms of harvest index and fresh storage root yield.
Abstract: Cassava provides energy sources for millions of people particularly in Africa where it is being planted mostly by rural subsistent farmers. The storage roots are rich in carbohydrates but deficient in vitamin A and consumption of which leads to hidden hunger as a result of insufficient intake of vitamins. The most widely approach in biofortificatio...
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Genetic Diversity of Korean Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Germplasm for Yield and Yield Related Traits for Adoption in Rice Farming System in Nigeria
Exonam Amegan,
Andrew Efisue,
Malachy Akoroda,
Afeez Shittu,
Fiot Tonegnikes
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
19-28
Received:
28 December 2019
Accepted:
9 January 2020
Published:
23 January 2020
Abstract: Background and objectives Assessment of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for any crop improvement program. It helps plant breeders in identifying promising lines for possible crosses. Materials and methods: This study was carried out at AfricaRice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria, and evaluated 123 accessions from South Korea with 7 genotypes form Africa. The experiment was conducted in dry season using Alpha lattice design with 26 blocks each planted in five entries, replicated two times. Results: PCA showed that the first four components accounted for 73.59% of the total variation. Thus, suggest the presence of large genetic variability, which is of important, as it gives wide spectrum of selection to the breeders. Among all genotypes UPN296, UPN248 and UPN272 showed higher number of productive tillers, while UPN255, UPN332, and UPN 285 were superior for 1000-grain weight. The genotypes such as UPN277 and UPN261 proved to be better for number of spikelets, while UPN347, UPN266, and UPIA2 were better for grain yield. Cluster analysis grouped the 130 genotypes into 4 clusters. All the 17 SSRs markers used were polymorphic. A total of 70 alleles were obtained with an average of 4.12, and ranged from 2 to 6. PIC values ranged from 0.34 to 0.76 with an average of 0.53 with 17 SSR markers. UPGMA dendrogram based on similarity index of simple matching grouped 130 genotypes into three clusters. Conclusion. UPN347, UPN277, UPN296, UPN255 and UPIA2 shown to be the most promising genotypes that could be used for rice hybridization, genetic improvement and rice hybrid programme in Nigeria.
Abstract: Background and objectives Assessment of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for any crop improvement program. It helps plant breeders in identifying promising lines for possible crosses. Materials and methods: This study was carried out at AfricaRice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria, and evaluated 123 a...
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Identification of Candidate Genes for Body Weight in Broilers Using Extreme-Phenotype Genome-Wide Association Study
Eirini Tarsani,
Georgios Theodorou,
Irida Palamidi,
Antonios Kominakis
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
29-40
Received:
5 December 2019
Accepted:
18 December 2019
Published:
31 January 2020
Abstract: Traditionally, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) require maximum numbers of genotyped and phenotyped animals to efficiently detect marker-trait associations. Under financial constraints, alternative solutions should be envisaged such that of performing GWAS with fractioned samples of the population. In the present study, we investigated the potential of using random and extreme phenotype samples of a population including 6,700 broilers in detecting significant markers and candidate genes for a typical complex trait (body weight at 35 days). We also explored the utility of using continuous vs. dichotomized phenotypes to detect marker-trait associations. Present results revealed that extreme phenotype samples were superior to random samples while detection efficacy was higher on the continuous over the dichotomous phenotype scale. Furthermore, the use of 50% extreme phenotype samples resulted in detection of 8 out of the 10 markers identified in whole population sampling. Putative causative variants identified in 50% extreme phenotype samples resided in genomic regions harboring 10 growth-related QTLs (e.g. breast muscle percentage, abdominal fat weight etc.) and 6 growth related genes (CACNB1, MYOM2, SLC20A1, ANXA4, FBXO32, SLAIN2). Current findings proposed the use of 50% extreme phenotype sampling as the optimal sampling strategy when performing a cost-effective GWAS.
Abstract: Traditionally, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) require maximum numbers of genotyped and phenotyped animals to efficiently detect marker-trait associations. Under financial constraints, alternative solutions should be envisaged such that of performing GWAS with fractioned samples of the population. In the present study, we investigated the po...
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Data Mining Analysis of ESCO2 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Roberts’s Syndrome
Sahar Mohamed Ali Mohamed Babiker,
Afra Mohamed Al Bkrye,
Hind Abdelaziz Elnasri,
Mona Abdelrahman Mohamed Khaier
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
41-47
Received:
20 December 2019
Accepted:
13 January 2020
Published:
31 January 2020
Abstract: Roberts’s syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by limb and facial abnormalities. Affected individuals also grow slowly before and after birth. This syndrome is associated with ESCO2 (Establishment of Sister Chromatid cohesion N- acetyltransferase 2) gene mutations. SNPs in the coding region (exonal SNPs) that are non-synonymous (nsSNPs), the SNPs and related ensembles protein (ESNP) were obtained from the SNPs database (dbSNP) for computational analysis. Bioinformatics analysis of ESCO2 exonal non-synonymous SNPs initiated by GeneMANIA, SIFT, Polyphen-2, PHD, SNP&GO, Provean and ProjctHope. There were 85 nsSNPs, they had been submitted to SIFT software to predict the tolerant and intolerant SNPs, they had been sorted to 65 Tolerated SNPs and 20 Deleterious SNPs. SIFT deleterious SNPs had been tested by polyphen-2 software and the result was 3 benign SNPs, 3 possibly damaging and 14 probably damaging SNPs. The same 20 SNPs were tested using SNP&GO software and gave the same result for PHD and SNP&GO (4 diseased and 16 neutral) and the result obtained when using Provean software was 12 SNPs were neutral while only 8 SNPs were deleterious. The total nsSNPs affecting the structure, function and causing disease in the tested software were 4 nsSNPs (rs80359868, rs146312522, rs200548692, rs373708669) Protein structural analysis was done using all of CPH server, Raptor X, Project HOPE and chimera for the 4 pathological SNPs (W539, C392Y, R427C and D403V) resulted in all function prediction software. and, these results are at use for further researches and studies on this gene and it`s mutations.
Abstract: Roberts’s syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by limb and facial abnormalities. Affected individuals also grow slowly before and after birth. This syndrome is associated with ESCO2 (Establishment of Sister Chromatid cohesion N- acetyltransferase 2) gene mutations. SNPs in the coding region (exonal SNPs) that are non-synonymous (nsSNPs), th...
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Phenotypic Characteristics and Weight-gain Up to Sexual Maturity of Aseel and F1 of Hilly (Red Jungle X Hilly) Chicken
Omar Faruk Miazi,
Gous Miah,
Md. Kabirul Islam Khan,
Ashutosh Das,
Md. Emran Hossain
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
48-53
Received:
25 September 2019
Accepted:
12 October 2019
Published:
11 February 2020
Abstract: A study was carried out from June 2008 to May 2009 on Aseel and F1 of Hilly chicken under intensive rearing system at Chattogram District of Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to estimate phenotypic characteristics and weight-gain up to sexual maturity of Aseel and F1 of Hilly chicken. The Aseel and F1 of Hilly chickens were collected from the Sarail Upazila of Brahmanbaria District and hill tract regions of Bangladesh. After collection the chickens their morphological characteristics and the measurements of different body parts were recorded. The average mature weight of Aseel male and female were 4000±94.99 gm and 2200±67.82 gm. There earlobe is red and they possess single comb in case of male and strawberry type comb in case of female and there shank color is yellowish white in male and yellow in female. The shank length, the total body length and ground to head height was recorded in male and female 15.24±.22cm and 10.79±.10cm, 73.66±.76cm and 56.52±.53cm, 60.96±.43cm and 48.26±.42cm respectively. The length of sickle feather was found 26.67±.77cm in cock. Adult live weight of F1 of Hilly males and females were 900 ±28.67gm and 850±24.04gm respectively. There earlobe is red and they possess single comb and there shank color is blackish yellow. Length, color of wattle rudimentary, red and the color of eye and eye ring was found black and red in both male and female F1 of Hilly. The shank length, beak to tail length and ground to head height was found in case of F1 of Hilly male and female 8.89±.31cm and 7.62±.35cm, 54.46±.55cm and 38.98±.53cm, 31.75±.62cm and 25.4±.58cm respectively. But the length of sickle feather of cock was found 33.02±.46 cm. The average weight-gain of Aseel chicks after first laying age was (1995 gm) which was higher than that of F1 of Hilly (850 gm). The first laying age of both Aseel and F1 of Hilly were 210 and 180 days respectively. Weight-gain and environmental adaptation of Aseel chicks were better than F1 of Hilly. So, the former breed is better for conservation issue than the later in the ex-situ conservation system.
Abstract: A study was carried out from June 2008 to May 2009 on Aseel and F1 of Hilly chicken under intensive rearing system at Chattogram District of Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to estimate phenotypic characteristics and weight-gain up to sexual maturity of Aseel and F1 of Hilly chicken. The Aseel and F1 of Hilly chickens were collected from the Sa...
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