Anaemia in Expectant Mothers Presenting at Mabvuku Polyclinic Zimbabwe
Chiedza Munashe Chaza,
Sungano Mharakurwa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
30-34
Received:
5 September 2018
Accepted:
18 September 2018
Published:
23 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.plm.20180202.11
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Abstract: Anaemia is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including maternal mortality, preterm delivery and low birth weight and is most prevalent in developing countries. The burden of anemia in pregnancy still remains poorly estimated and is a major concern in endemic countries including Zimbabwe. The general objective of the current study was to ascertain the magnitude of the anaemia in pregnant women attending Mabvuku Polyclinic from June 2017 to August 2017. The study was a cross-sectional design and conducted at Beatrice Road Infectious Diseases Hospital (BRIDH) laboratory which processes antenatal samples from Mabvuku Polyclinic. Of 249 expectant mothers included in the study, it was found that 72 (28.9%) were anaemic. Severe anaemia (Hb <7g/dl) occurred in 9 (3.61%), moderate anaemia (Hb 7 - 9.9 g/dl) in 36 (14.6%) and mild anaemia (Hb 10 - 10.9g/dl) in 27 (10.8%) of the presenting expectant mothers. The most common type of anaemia was microcytic hypochromic anaemia (32.1%). There was no significant difference in prevalence of anaemia by age-group or gravidity status among the expectant mothers. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy affecting nearly one in every three expectant mothers presenting for antenatal care at Mabvuku Polyclinic. Targeted preventive measures are recommended for all expectant mothers such as prophylactic iron and vitamin supplementation.
Abstract: Anaemia is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including maternal mortality, preterm delivery and low birth weight and is most prevalent in developing countries. The burden of anemia in pregnancy still remains poorly estimated and is a major concern in endemic countries including Zimbabwe. The general objective of the current study was to as...
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Cross-Education Effects of Motor-Level Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Quadriceps Motor Function Recovery Among Stroke Survivours
Ayodele Teslim Onigbinde,
Adeola Godwin Olubukola,
Nwosu Ifeoma Blessing
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
35-40
Received:
24 October 2018
Accepted:
16 November 2018
Published:
19 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.plm.20180202.12
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Abstract: There has been speculation that stronger limbs of stroke survivors can be used to strengthen the homologous muscles on the weaker side through cross education using Motor-level Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (M-LTENS). Recently, there are demonstrations on apparently healthy individuals but there is dearth of empirical data to support this effect in stroke patients. The study aimed to investigate the cross education effects of M-LTENS on the affected knee extensors of stroke survivors when the unaffected homologous muscle group was stimulated. Twenty stroke survivors were recruited using purposive sampling technique. M-LTENS was used to stimulate the quadriceps group of muscles of the unaffected lower extremity for 6 weeks (85Hz and 100 microseconds). Strength values were quantified using the modified sphygmomanometer. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis and Inferential Statistics (paired t-test and Chi-square test of Association). The mean muscle strength of the unaffected quadriceps muscle at baseline was 471.96 ± 74.70N while that of affected was 167.83 ± 6.38N and the values significantly increased to 505.40 ± 83.50N and 191.96 ± 60.90N. (t=-6.23, P-value = 0.001; t=-8.71; P-value=0.001) respectively at the 6th week. There was also significant difference between the unaffected and affected muscle group strength; both at baseline and after 6 weeks (t=16.89; P-value=0.001; t=14.951; P-value=0.001). It was concluded that there was cross education effect in contralateral (affected) quadriceps group of muscles in stroke survivors after the unaffected quadriceps muscle group was stimulated using motor-level Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator for 6 weeks.
Abstract: There has been speculation that stronger limbs of stroke survivors can be used to strengthen the homologous muscles on the weaker side through cross education using Motor-level Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (M-LTENS). Recently, there are demonstrations on apparently healthy individuals but there is dearth of empirical data to support t...
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Assessing the Incidence and Effect of Haemolysis, Lipaemia, and Icterus in Samples for Lipid and Lipoprotein Analysis
Agnes Magwete,
Florence Marule,
Taryn Pillay,
Donald M. Tanyanyiwa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
41-46
Received:
4 November 2018
Accepted:
26 November 2018
Published:
21 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.plm.20180202.13
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Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the frequency, and evaluate the effects of haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia in samples for lipid lipoprotein tests in an academic medical hospital patient population. This was a retrospective study on data from the central Chemical pathology laboratory at the largest academic hospital in Africa. Serum indices (haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia) were available for all the lipid and lipoprotein chemistry specimens analysed over a 4 year (2007 – 2010) period (n=10, 5555). In the study the effects of haemolysis, lipaemia and icterus on the lipid profiles was determined. From a very large sample pool submitted to Chemical pathology laboratory for lipid and lipoprotein tests, serum indices for lipaemia, hemolysis and icterus were analysed. One thousand six hundred and eighteen (15.33%) were identified as having some form of interferent. Results were as follows: lipaemia, 13.92%; hemolysis, 1.17%; and icterus, 0.25%. There were significant differences between the clear and icteric samples in all the measured lipids and lipoproteins except HDL. Icteric samples had lower HDL levels than the clear samples. However, the frequency of icterus and haemolysis serum indices found in this study is lower than reports from other studies. The frequency of lipaemia found in this study constitutes the highest serum index at the hospital. The study concluded that lipaemia, hemolysis, and icterus occur frequently in blood specimens analysed in the laboratory. Therefore, serum indices are important interfering factors, which require an objective assessment.
Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the frequency, and evaluate the effects of haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia in samples for lipid lipoprotein tests in an academic medical hospital patient population. This was a retrospective study on data from the central Chemical pathology laboratory at the largest academic hospital in Africa. Serum indice...
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The Resistance of Uropathogenic Bacteria to Fosfomycin
Zohair Ait Ouzdi,
Lamiae Arsalane,
Youssef El Kamouni,
Said Zouhair
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
47-50
Received:
2 November 2018
Accepted:
18 December 2018
Published:
7 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.plm.20180202.14
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Abstract: Urinary tract infection is among bacterial infections that provide antibiotic treatment. The overly systematic use of a single class of antibiotic induces a selection pressure leading to bacterial resistance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of resistance and to follow the evolution of the sensitivity of uropathogenic bacteria to fosfomycin to allow a better antibiotherapy of urinary infections. This is a prospective 3-year study of all positive cytobacterioligical urine exam from inpatients or consultants who have arrived at the microbiology laboratory at the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech. Of the 12,116 cytobacterioligical urine exam performed, 1788 met the criteria for urinary tract infection. These urinary infections mainly concerned patients followed externally (1471). The sex ratio between men and women is 1.07. Of the isolated uropathogenic bacteria, E. coli is the predominant strain (51% isolates). Uropathogenic bacteria were sensitive to fosfomycin in more than 90% of cases, and this sensitivity was favorable during the study period. On the other hand, a high frequency of resistance has been recorded for betalactamines, in particular amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Fosfomycin has excellent activity on bacteria of urinary tract infections so its single dose prescription would be effective in uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Abstract: Urinary tract infection is among bacterial infections that provide antibiotic treatment. The overly systematic use of a single class of antibiotic induces a selection pressure leading to bacterial resistance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of resistance and to follow the evolution of the sensitivity of uropathogenic bacteria to ...
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