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Formulation and Performance Evaluation of Wood Adhesives Produced with Rice Husk Ash as New Filler
Ohoke Francis Okemini,
Igwebike-Ossi Clementina Dilim
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
33-39
Received:
14 January 2015
Accepted:
6 February 2015
Published:
15 February 2015
Abstract: This study investigated the applicability of rice husk ash (RHA) as filler in wood adhesives containing a blend of ethylene acrylic resin, poly vinyl acetate resin and natural rubber solution. Rice husk, obtained from Rice Mill Industries in Abakaliki, Nigeria, was washed, dried and heated to char (carbonized) on a gas stove until there was no emission of fumes. The rice husk char obtained was incinerated under controlled conditions in a muffle furnace at 650oC for four (4) hours. The RHA obtained was ground with ceramic mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size, sieved with a standard 63μm sieve and then used as filler in acrylics/PVA/NR wood adhesive. Filler levels in the adhesives were varied from 0 to 16%. The bond strength and thermal resistance of the prepared adhesives were determined and compared with that produced with CaCO3 as well as a popular brand in the Nigerian market, Top Bond, used as reference standard. The result showed that after application, there was a general increase in bond strength with time for both CaCO3 and RHA adhesives. The highest bond strength was obtained at a filler level of 12% for both fillers. At this level, RHA adhesive had higher bond strength of 170.3 KPa than CaCO3 adhesive which had 167.8 KPa. RHA-filled adhesives were found to be more thermally stable than those of CaCO3 and comparable to the reference standard.
Abstract: This study investigated the applicability of rice husk ash (RHA) as filler in wood adhesives containing a blend of ethylene acrylic resin, poly vinyl acetate resin and natural rubber solution. Rice husk, obtained from Rice Mill Industries in Abakaliki, Nigeria, was washed, dried and heated to char (carbonized) on a gas stove until there was no emis...
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Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) Metal Complexes of Oxazoline Based Ligands
Bitew Kassaw Dessie,
Muluye Melak Zenebe,
Atnafu Guadie Assefa
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
40-47
Received:
11 January 2015
Accepted:
21 January 2015
Published:
16 February 2015
Abstract: Synthesis of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline(2-Phox) and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline(4-Phox) and their complexes with Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have been done. They have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, NMR (HH-COSY, HSQC, HMBC), UV-vis, IR spectroscopy and conductance measurement. The complexes were formed in 1:2 (M:L) ratio. Their molar conductance of one millimolar solution measured in DMF indicated them to be non electrolyte. On the basis of these studies a tetrahedral geometry has been assigned for all the complexes.
Abstract: Synthesis of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline(2-Phox) and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline(4-Phox) and their complexes with Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have been done. They have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, NMR (HH-COSY, HSQC, HMBC), UV-vis, IR spectroscopy and conductance measurement. The complexes were f...
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The Evaluation and Light, Abrasion Fastness Values of Colours Obtained from Some Dyeing Plants in Silk Yarn
Kayabaşı Nuran,
Şanlı H. Sinem,
Söylemezoğlu Feryal
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
48-56
Received:
3 October 2014
Accepted:
10 February 2015
Published:
28 February 2015
Abstract: The silk yarn produced in Turkey finds also an area of usage in the textile handicraft carpet with some areas of textile. As the textile handicraft silk carpets painted with vegetable dyes are very valuable, they are prefered by consumers in the inner and outer markets. In this research; the silk yarn was painted with sage (Salvia sp.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), walnut (Juglans regia L.), madder (Rubia tinctorium L.) and camomile (Anthemis tinctoria L.) plants. During the painting, the mordant and non-mordant method has been used. 100 % plant, and 3% mordant (sodium chloride, ferrosulphate, coppersulphate, alum of aluminium and potassium bichromate) was used during the painting. The mordant process was made with the pre-mordant method by using 3% mordant with a single mordant and adding two mordants in an equal ratio (1.5%+1.5%). 80 painting was made totally and different colours and tones depending on the plants feature was acquired. The acquired colours were examined light and abrasion fastnesses. The acquired colours were evaluated objectively and subjectively.
Abstract: The silk yarn produced in Turkey finds also an area of usage in the textile handicraft carpet with some areas of textile. As the textile handicraft silk carpets painted with vegetable dyes are very valuable, they are prefered by consumers in the inner and outer markets. In this research; the silk yarn was painted with sage (Salvia sp.), safflower (...
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Corrosion Inhibition Study of Zinc Oxide-Polyaniline Nanocomposite for Aluminum and Steel
Farah Alvi,
Naveed Aslam,
Saleem Farooq Shaukat
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
57-64
Received:
4 February 2015
Accepted:
19 February 2015
Published:
3 March 2015
Abstract: The nanocomposites of inorganic oxide with conducting polymer display novel properties resulting from the molecular level interaction of the two dissimilar chemical components. Recently, Farah et al have synthesized ZnO–polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite, and have studied the electronic properties of ZnO-PANI films [1]. Although to date, chromium has proved the best candidate in corrosion inhibition in acidic medium, but still it is hoped that the combination of different techniques and various compounds will provide the required protection against corrosion. Our present study has shown that the ZnO-PANI nanocomposite coatings on steel and aluminum prevents corrosion due to the internal sacrificial electrode formation and as well as the barrier effect at the ZnO-PANI and metal interface.
Abstract: The nanocomposites of inorganic oxide with conducting polymer display novel properties resulting from the molecular level interaction of the two dissimilar chemical components. Recently, Farah et al have synthesized ZnO–polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite, and have studied the electronic properties of ZnO-PANI films [1]. Although to date, chromium has...
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Investigation on Physico-Chemical Properties of 100% Cotton Woven Fabric Treated with Titanium Dioxide
Md. Mostafizur Rahman,
Elias Khalil,
Md. Solaiman,
Mubarak Ahmad Khan,
Joy Sarkar,
Faisal Abedin,
A. H. M. Asif Kamal,
Rajib Al Mamun
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
65-68
Received:
21 February 2015
Accepted:
28 February 2015
Published:
4 March 2015
Abstract: This paper represents an approach to observe the physico-chemical effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) applied on 100% cotton woven fabric. Cotton fabric was treated with TiO2 by exhaustion method and followed by necessary curing and washing processes. The treated fabrics were then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the tensile strength, pH and absorbency of the treated and untreated fabrics were examined. It was found that titanium dioxide impairs the hand feel and absorbency of 100% cotton woven fabrics, wetting time of all treated fabrics increased gradually than untreated fabrics. The treatment increases the tensile strength of 100% cotton woven fabrics. The treatment with titanium dioxide also kept the pH of the fabric in acidic medium.
Abstract: This paper represents an approach to observe the physico-chemical effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) applied on 100% cotton woven fabric. Cotton fabric was treated with TiO2 by exhaustion method and followed by necessary curing and washing processes. The treated fabrics were then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the tensile streng...
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Determination of Caffeine Content and Antioxidant Activity of Coffee
Belete Tewabe Gebeyehu,
Solomon Libsu Bikila
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
69-76
Received:
13 March 2015
Accepted:
25 March 2015
Published:
31 March 2015
Abstract: Attempt has been made to look into caffeine contents and antioxidant activity of coffee grown at Wembera, Goncha, Zegie, and Burie localities of North-West Ethiopia. The caffeine content of the extracts in % w/w has been found to be 1.53 ± 0.003 for Wembera coffee, 1.41 ± 0.040 for Goncha coffee, 1.29 ± 0.033 for Zegie coffee and 0.97 ± 0.049 for Burie coffee. The antioxidant activities of the coffee extracts were measured by using ferric reducing power assay and Rancimat assay. Ferric reducing power assay was used to measure the total antioxidant power of water soluble components of coffee and is expressed as ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity in milligram per gram of the dried coffee samples. The ferric reducing power values of the extracts were 9.532 ± 0.201, 9.159 ± 0.441, 8.955 ± 0.180, 6.751 ± 0.284 for Wembera, Burie, Goncha and Zegie coffees, respectively. The Rancimat assay was also used to measure antioxidant activity of lipid soluble portions of coffee extracts using sunflower oil as the oxidizable substrate. It was found that all the coffee extracts improved the oxidative stability of sunflower oil. The protection factors were 1.36 ± 0.027, 1.31 ± 0.027, 1.26 ± 0.069 and 1.17 ± 0.015 for Wembera, Burie, Goncha and Zegie coffees respectively. Based on these results, it is suggested that Wembera coffee has the higher caffeine content and antioxidant activities than Burie, Goncha and Zegie coffee varieties.
Abstract: Attempt has been made to look into caffeine contents and antioxidant activity of coffee grown at Wembera, Goncha, Zegie, and Burie localities of North-West Ethiopia. The caffeine content of the extracts in % w/w has been found to be 1.53 ± 0.003 for Wembera coffee, 1.41 ± 0.040 for Goncha coffee, 1.29 ± 0.033 for Zegie coffee and 0.97 ± 0.049 for B...
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The Coordination Chemistry in the Antifungal Effect of Tin(IV)-Bis(Pyrimidin-2-Ylthio)Alkane Derivatives
Fernanda Andrade Mendonça,
Geraldo José da Silva Junior,
José Roberto da Silveira Maia,
Onkar Dev Dhingra,
Rosimeire Coura Barcelos
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
77-82
Received:
20 March 2015
Accepted:
31 March 2015
Published:
9 April 2015
Abstract: High productivity of agriculture goods is closely associated with the use of fungicides to reduce losses caused by the fungal plant diseases. However, appearance of resistant population of pathogens to several commercial fungicides is a common phenomenon that requires control. There is, therefore, need for developing novel fungicide compounds that are environmentally safe with low toxicity to wild life and humans. In this study novel organotin(IV) derivatives of bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)methane (ptm), bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)ethane (pte) and bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexane (pth) were tested against phytopathogens to evaluate their activity as potential fungicides. The bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)alkanes were not active in contrast with the organotin(IV) derivatives. The 5-coordinate triphenyltin(IV) derivatives were the most active compounds in a wide range of concentration. This study shows that the microorganisms were susceptible to the acid character of the organotin(IV) precursors.
Abstract: High productivity of agriculture goods is closely associated with the use of fungicides to reduce losses caused by the fungal plant diseases. However, appearance of resistant population of pathogens to several commercial fungicides is a common phenomenon that requires control. There is, therefore, need for developing novel fungicide compounds that ...
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