Chemical Analysis of Noni (Morinda citrofolia) Seeds and the Characterization of the Seeds Oil
Muhammad Bini Etsuyankpa,
Muhammad Muhammad Ndamitso,
Idowu Victoria Oluwatoyin,
Hashim Ibrahim,
Sule Philip Ivoms Ogah
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
57-61
Received:
7 March 2017
Accepted:
17 March 2017
Published:
12 July 2017
Abstract: Seeds of Noni (Morinda citrofolia) were analyzed for proximate composition, minerals, anti- nutritional factors and amino acid profile, while the oil extract was investigated for physicochemical properties and fatty acids contents. Values for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber are 5.46 ± 0.01, 1.83 ± 0.01, 1.72 ± 0.02, 5.40 ± 0.07 and 4.67 ± 0.0 6% respectively. The calorific value of the seed was found to be 1585.90 KJ. The seed was found to be a potential source of minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorous, iron and zinc. The anti-nutritional factors such as alkaloid, cyanide, flavonoid, oxalate and saponin were determined. The essential amino acids: glutamic acid, leucine and aspartic acid are present in higher concentrations as 6.33, 6.31 and 5.11 mg/100g crude protein, respectively. The physical and chemical properties of the seed oil were determined, thus the saponification value of the oil was found to be 32.26 mg KOH/g.
Abstract: Seeds of Noni (Morinda citrofolia) were analyzed for proximate composition, minerals, anti- nutritional factors and amino acid profile, while the oil extract was investigated for physicochemical properties and fatty acids contents. Values for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber are 5.46 ± 0.01, 1.83 ± 0.01, 1.72 ± 0.02, 5.40 ± 0...
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Synthesis of D-pantolactone via Combined a Novel Organocatalyst Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction and Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Cu-/SiO2
Jin Man-man,
Wang Jin-jin,
Lv Zhi-guo,
Guo Zhen-mei
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
62-68
Received:
13 August 2017
Published:
14 August 2017
Abstract: The combination of an asymmetric organocatalytic aldol reaction with a subsequent hydrogenation for the synthesis of D-pantolactone is demonstrated. This process consists of an initial aldol reaction catalyzed by a novel chiral L- histidine-modified-ionic-liquid- [EMIm] [His], which has been designed and synthesized as an efficient recoverable catalyst for the asymmetric aldol reaction with superior enantioselectivity in CH2Cl2, than L-histidine itself. [EMIm] [His] retains its activity and enantioselectivity over at least five reaction cycles, and its universal applicability has been demonstrated. Moreover optimum process of Cu-/SiO2-catalysed hydrogenation of condensation product- (D) -3- formyl -2- hydroxy -3- ethyl butyrate to obtain D-pantolactone has been established allowing the synthesis of D-pantolactone in >99% purity, 93% yield and 93% enantiomeric excesse (ee). The results show that CuO-CeO2/SiO2 exhibits better catalytic activity than CuO/SiO2 for better dispersion and larger surface area, and the best reaction conditions are as follows: 120°C, n (H2): n (isobutylaldehyde) =80:1, P (H2) =8.0 MPa, liquid airspeed: 0.6 h-1.
Abstract: The combination of an asymmetric organocatalytic aldol reaction with a subsequent hydrogenation for the synthesis of D-pantolactone is demonstrated. This process consists of an initial aldol reaction catalyzed by a novel chiral L- histidine-modified-ionic-liquid- [EMIm] [His], which has been designed and synthesized as an efficient recoverable cata...
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