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Formulation and Performance Evaluation of Wood Adhesives Produced with Rice Husk Ash as New Filler

Received: 14 January 2015     Accepted: 6 February 2015     Published: 15 February 2015
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Abstract

This study investigated the applicability of rice husk ash (RHA) as filler in wood adhesives containing a blend of ethylene acrylic resin, poly vinyl acetate resin and natural rubber solution. Rice husk, obtained from Rice Mill Industries in Abakaliki, Nigeria, was washed, dried and heated to char (carbonized) on a gas stove until there was no emission of fumes. The rice husk char obtained was incinerated under controlled conditions in a muffle furnace at 650oC for four (4) hours. The RHA obtained was ground with ceramic mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size, sieved with a standard 63μm sieve and then used as filler in acrylics/PVA/NR wood adhesive. Filler levels in the adhesives were varied from 0 to 16%. The bond strength and thermal resistance of the prepared adhesives were determined and compared with that produced with CaCO3 as well as a popular brand in the Nigerian market, Top Bond, used as reference standard. The result showed that after application, there was a general increase in bond strength with time for both CaCO3 and RHA adhesives. The highest bond strength was obtained at a filler level of 12% for both fillers. At this level, RHA adhesive had higher bond strength of 170.3 KPa than CaCO3 adhesive which had 167.8 KPa. RHA-filled adhesives were found to be more thermally stable than those of CaCO3 and comparable to the reference standard.

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11
Page(s) 33-39
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Filler, Rice Husk Ash, Wood Adhesive, Polyvinyl Acetate, Ethylene Acrylics, Natural Rubber

References
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  • APA Style

    Ohoke Francis Okemini, Igwebike-Ossi Clementina Dilim. (2015). Formulation and Performance Evaluation of Wood Adhesives Produced with Rice Husk Ash as New Filler. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(2), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11

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    ACS Style

    Ohoke Francis Okemini; Igwebike-Ossi Clementina Dilim. Formulation and Performance Evaluation of Wood Adhesives Produced with Rice Husk Ash as New Filler. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2015, 3(2), 33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11

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    AMA Style

    Ohoke Francis Okemini, Igwebike-Ossi Clementina Dilim. Formulation and Performance Evaluation of Wood Adhesives Produced with Rice Husk Ash as New Filler. Am J Appl Chem. 2015;3(2):33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11,
      author = {Ohoke Francis Okemini and Igwebike-Ossi Clementina Dilim},
      title = {Formulation and Performance Evaluation of Wood Adhesives Produced with Rice Husk Ash as New Filler},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2},
      pages = {33-39},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20150302.11},
      abstract = {This study investigated the applicability of rice husk ash (RHA) as filler in wood adhesives containing a blend of ethylene acrylic resin, poly vinyl acetate resin and natural rubber solution. Rice husk, obtained from Rice Mill Industries in Abakaliki, Nigeria, was washed, dried and heated to char (carbonized) on a gas stove until there was no emission of fumes. The rice husk char obtained was incinerated under controlled conditions in a muffle furnace at 650oC for four (4) hours. The RHA obtained was ground with ceramic mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size, sieved with a standard 63μm sieve and then used as filler in acrylics/PVA/NR wood adhesive. Filler levels in the adhesives were varied from 0 to 16%. The bond strength and thermal resistance of the prepared adhesives were determined and compared with that produced with CaCO3 as well as a popular brand in the Nigerian market, Top Bond, used as reference standard. The result showed that after application, there was a general increase in bond strength with time for both CaCO3 and RHA adhesives. The highest bond strength was obtained at a filler level of 12% for both fillers. At this level, RHA adhesive had higher bond strength of 170.3 KPa than CaCO3 adhesive which had 167.8 KPa. RHA-filled adhesives were found to be more thermally stable than those of CaCO3 and comparable to the reference standard.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Formulation and Performance Evaluation of Wood Adhesives Produced with Rice Husk Ash as New Filler
    AU  - Ohoke Francis Okemini
    AU  - Igwebike-Ossi Clementina Dilim
    Y1  - 2015/02/15
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 33
    EP  - 39
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20150302.11
    AB  - This study investigated the applicability of rice husk ash (RHA) as filler in wood adhesives containing a blend of ethylene acrylic resin, poly vinyl acetate resin and natural rubber solution. Rice husk, obtained from Rice Mill Industries in Abakaliki, Nigeria, was washed, dried and heated to char (carbonized) on a gas stove until there was no emission of fumes. The rice husk char obtained was incinerated under controlled conditions in a muffle furnace at 650oC for four (4) hours. The RHA obtained was ground with ceramic mortar and pestle to reduce the particle size, sieved with a standard 63μm sieve and then used as filler in acrylics/PVA/NR wood adhesive. Filler levels in the adhesives were varied from 0 to 16%. The bond strength and thermal resistance of the prepared adhesives were determined and compared with that produced with CaCO3 as well as a popular brand in the Nigerian market, Top Bond, used as reference standard. The result showed that after application, there was a general increase in bond strength with time for both CaCO3 and RHA adhesives. The highest bond strength was obtained at a filler level of 12% for both fillers. At this level, RHA adhesive had higher bond strength of 170.3 KPa than CaCO3 adhesive which had 167.8 KPa. RHA-filled adhesives were found to be more thermally stable than those of CaCO3 and comparable to the reference standard.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

  • Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

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