-
The Relations Between Concentration of Iron and the pH Ground Water (Case Study Zulfi Ground Water)
Nagwa Ibrahim Mohammed Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
140-145
Received:
2 October 2016
Accepted:
7 November 2016
Published:
29 November 2016
Abstract: The contamination of groundwater has major complications on the environment and can pose serious threat to agriculture and human health. However metals like magnesium, calcium, iron and manganese are necessary to sustain the vital plants function in trace amounts. Therefore World Health Organization has approved the treatment of water if concentrations of iron is higher than 0.3mg/L The aim of this research is to investigate the relationships between concentration of iron and the levels PH of ground water. Thirty five samples were collected from different 10 wells Groundwater in Zulfi Town, two samples from treated water. Water from the ground water is used extensively in Zulfi province for urban and rural water supply, agriculture, and industry. In all well the concentrations of iron was found to be higher than 0.3mg/L, and pH is greater than 7 except in in three wells. So we expect iron bacteria growth.
Abstract: The contamination of groundwater has major complications on the environment and can pose serious threat to agriculture and human health. However metals like magnesium, calcium, iron and manganese are necessary to sustain the vital plants function in trace amounts. Therefore World Health Organization has approved the treatment of water if concentrat...
Show More
-
Partial Rootzone Drying Irrigation Increase Root Surface Area, Root Hydraulic Conductivity and Water Use Efficiency in Maize
Wang Zhenchang,
Yu Xiaofei,
Feng Liang,
Zhu Jianbin
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
146-153
Received:
2 December 2016
Published:
5 December 2016
Abstract: Partial root-zone drying (PRD) is an effective water-saving irrigation method and the heterogeneous soil moisture distribution induced by the method may affect root activities, crop water use efficiency and participation of different part of organ. The effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and PRD on leaf and root surface areas, root hydraulic conductivity (KR), and gas exchange and water use efficiency, were studied in maize (Zea mays L. cv., a local variety) grown in pots in the field for two months in the arid climate of Gansu Province, northwest of China in 2009. The PRD treatment was applied in two modes as PRD1 and PRD2, and they were obtained by the soil water content of the dry compartment had decreased to 18% (vol.) and 11% (vol.) (approximate 60% and 30% of the pot holding capacity) before shifting side of irrigation, respectively. DI2 was irrigated with the same irrigation amount with PRD2, while water was equally separated to two compartments. The full irrigation (FI), PRD1, PRD2 and DI2 received 10.75, 8.70, 8.45 and 8.45 liters of water during the treatment period, respectively. The evapo-transpiration water use efficiency (WUEET) was significantly higher in the PRD2 than in the DI2. PRD1 and PRD2 significantly (P<0.05) increased the root surface areas compared to DI2 by 17.8% and 14.6%, respectively, and that resulted in ratio of root surface area to leaf area of PRD2 significantly higher than that of DI2. Further, compared to DI2 and FI, PRD2 significantly (P<0.05) increased KR by 15% and 34%, respectively. The intrinsic WUE, the net photosynthesis (A) and gs relationship (A/gs), were the highest in the PRD2 treatment as compared with the other treatments on 4 f 5 occasions. On 3 out of 5 occasions, the A/gs values of PRD2 plants were significantly higher than those of FI plants. Our results indicate that PRD2 increased root-shoot surface ratio and the root hydraulic conductivity and those might play a major role in enhancing WUEET.
Abstract: Partial root-zone drying (PRD) is an effective water-saving irrigation method and the heterogeneous soil moisture distribution induced by the method may affect root activities, crop water use efficiency and participation of different part of organ. The effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and PRD on leaf and root surface areas, root hydraulic conduct...
Show More
-
Environmental Implications of Flaring and Venting in Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production
Stanley Ngene,
Kiran Tota-Maharaj,
Paul Eke,
Colin Hills
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
154-159
Received:
17 October 2016
Accepted:
8 November 2016
Published:
16 December 2016
Abstract: It is believed that production of crude oil and natural gas without flaring and venting is neither technically nor economically feasible. In the face of this challenge, it is pertinent to understand the technical, economic, environmental, and social effects of flaring and venting in the production of crude oil and natural gas. This paper is a review of the role of flaring and venting in the production of oil and gas and an exposition of the environmental consequences of flaring and venting with respect to the production of crude oil and natural gas. The study exhaustively and systematically revealed the global and local effects of flaring and venting of natural gas on the environment and thereafter suggested various mechanisms through which flaring and venting could be drastically reduced using commercial models, regulation, new technologies and re-injection.
Abstract: It is believed that production of crude oil and natural gas without flaring and venting is neither technically nor economically feasible. In the face of this challenge, it is pertinent to understand the technical, economic, environmental, and social effects of flaring and venting in the production of crude oil and natural gas. This paper is a revie...
Show More
-
Unsustainable Management of Forests in Ghana from 1900-2010
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
160-166
Received:
4 June 2016
Accepted:
24 November 2016
Published:
3 January 2017
Abstract: Forests play important roles in maintaining and balancing the natural ecosystem. The high rates of deforestation in recent years however have become concerned for all governments all over the world. The high rates have resulted in a number of climatic changes such as global warming with its effects on the global environment giving rise to sea levels and the resultant adverse effects. The role of forest cover in hydrological and carbon cycles in the atmosphere is enough evidence of its importance and the need to protect its cover. Between 1900 and 1999, more than 6.5 million hectors of forest was degraded in Ghana according to a report published at the website of mongabay.com. Further, between 1990 and 2010, the country lost an average of 125,400 hectors of forest or 1.68% per year. In total, between this period alone, Ghana lost 33.7% of its forest cover which is equivalent to 2,508,000 hectors of forest, (FAO, 2011). This data reveals that the rate of detestation in Ghana is quite high. Deforestation is one of the main environmental challenges in Ghana and efforts are being undertaken to protect the endangered forest cover from absolute depletion and also to establish secondary forests.
Abstract: Forests play important roles in maintaining and balancing the natural ecosystem. The high rates of deforestation in recent years however have become concerned for all governments all over the world. The high rates have resulted in a number of climatic changes such as global warming with its effects on the global environment giving rise to sea level...
Show More
-
Assessment of the Water Quality, Some Trace Elements Content of Heritierafomes Fruits and Pneumatophores of Sundari After Oil Spill in Shela River at Sundarban, Bangladesh
Md. Ziaul Amin,
Ahsan Habib,
Khairun Nafiz,
A. M. Swaraz
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
167-173
Received:
18 November 2016
Accepted:
14 December 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
Abstract: To assessment the effects on the ecosystem of Sundarbans a Mangrove Forest (SMF) in Bangladesh after oil spillages on 9th December 2014 into the shela river of Sundarbans, mainly focus on to determine the water quality and some trace elements content of Sundari (Heritierafomes) fruit and the aerial roots (pneumatophores) of Sundari. The water quality parameters viz, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, hardness, pH, EC, ORP, salinity, nitrite and chloride contents were determine by using pH meter, DO meter, electroconductivity meter, Salinitimeter during high tide time and downstream. The nitrite and chloride contents of water and the trace elements contents of sundari fruits and roots were analyzed in the laboratory by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. After oil spillage the alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), hardness, EC, ORP, nitrite and chloride contents of water during high tide time and downstream were slightly decrease but the salinity of water decrease remarkable. The Fe and Zn contents in Heritierafomes fruits and pneumatophores of Heritierafomes were increased significantly but the Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni contents were remain constant. After analyzing theresults, in this study, it is clearly indicated that the criteria needed for the good quality of water and the some micro-nutrient contents of Heritierafomes fruits and pneumatophores of Heritierafomesare remarkable change due to the oil spill into the shela river of Sundarban as compare to before oil spillage. This study also represent that the Fe and Zn contents of Sundari fruits and roots are significantly increasing due to the massive changing of water quality of Shela river of Sundarbans. Finally, this study would helpful to measure the threaten affect on aquatic animals, others wild animal and different tree spices of the mangrove forestas well as the ecosystem of Sudarban.
Abstract: To assessment the effects on the ecosystem of Sundarbans a Mangrove Forest (SMF) in Bangladesh after oil spillages on 9th December 2014 into the shela river of Sundarbans, mainly focus on to determine the water quality and some trace elements content of Sundari (Heritierafomes) fruit and the aerial roots (pneumatophores) of Sundari. The water quali...
Show More
