Study on Bioagents/Bioaerosols Standoff Detection by Lidar
Yang Hui,
Sun Yanfei,
Wang Tiedong,
Zhao Xuesong
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
39-44
Received:
21 February 2016
Accepted:
10 March 2016
Published:
29 March 2016
Abstract: Scattering, fluorescence and polarization are the important data source for bioagent or bioaerosol time-space observation and identification. This paper stated and discussed the theory and data inversion principles for Mie scattering, laser induced fluorescence and polarization sensing Lidar. The sensing and data inversion results for bioagent/bioaerosol extinction coefficient, horizontal linear depolarization ratio were also demonstrated. The signal and SNR simulation of fluorescence lidar were also demonstrated. The sensing results revealed that the three kinds of detecting technology approaches are reasonable and potential for bioagent/bioaerosol characterization and recognition.
Abstract: Scattering, fluorescence and polarization are the important data source for bioagent or bioaerosol time-space observation and identification. This paper stated and discussed the theory and data inversion principles for Mie scattering, laser induced fluorescence and polarization sensing Lidar. The sensing and data inversion results for bioagent/bioa...
Show More
Risk Assessment on Trace Metals in Groundwater and Springs in Urban Environment of Zanzibar Island
Abdul Ali Juma Mohamed,
Sara Abdalla Khamis,
Haji Mwevura,
Miza Ali Kombo,
Said Suleiman Bakari
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
45-55
Received:
13 March 2016
Accepted:
22 March 2016
Published:
1 April 2016
Abstract: Urban-west region is the most highly populated region of Zanzibar. More than half of the Zanzibar populations reside at this region. Groundwater is the main resource of drinking water in this area, and currently there is no drinking water treatment plant; hence, the suitability and appropriateness of groundwater resources for drinking and other domestic uses is of public and scientific concern. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from 30 sites in urban areas of Zanzibar Island in December 2012. Measurements, and investigation of the levels of trace metals in water including Cd, Co, Cr(III), Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Sb, Se, Ti, and Zn were measured in thirty locations in Zanzibar urban west region using Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The paper also highlights and depicts the estimate of the degree of metal contamination (Cd), hazard quotient which yields hazard index (HI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). Using the four heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, and Fe), the degree of contamination (Cd) in all water sources were less than 1, thus they fall in to the category of low degree of contamination. The general trend of the average daily dose (ADD) of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Cd in water sources was Zn ˃ Cu ˃ Fe ˃ Cd. As the severity of metal toxicity is governed by several factors, such as dose, nutrition, age, and even life style. Therefore, this trend might not guarantee the absence of human health risk. Generally, from risk assessment on trace metals using risk indices (Cd, HPI, HI and HEI), the analyzed water sources might not be at the alarming health risk. However, due to an increasing level of environmental pollution, water sources might be potential sink of contaminants; this is significant reason that makes the treatment of drinking water and monitoring implementation inevitable.
Abstract: Urban-west region is the most highly populated region of Zanzibar. More than half of the Zanzibar populations reside at this region. Groundwater is the main resource of drinking water in this area, and currently there is no drinking water treatment plant; hence, the suitability and appropriateness of groundwater resources for drinking and other dom...
Show More
A Regression Model for Estimating Salinity in the South Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Maged Mohamed Abdel Moneim Hussein
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
56-64
Received:
15 March 2016
Accepted:
24 March 2016
Published:
5 April 2016
Abstract: This paper attends the problem of estimating salinity for a southeastern Mediterranean Sea. The main objective of the present study is the estimation of salinity profiles in the upper 500m from measurements of temperature profiles and surface salinity. 465 Temperature and salinity profiles were selected for this study, taken from expeditions carried out by research vessels Yakov Gakkov and Vladimir Parshin, of former Soviet Union during the period 1987-1990. The empirical relationship between salinity and temperature in southeastern Mediterranean Sea is quantified with the help of local regression. Differences in salinity's co-variability with temperature and with longitude, latitude and day of year from eastern to western part of the study area suggested that the region may be achieving more accurate salinity estimates. Eight methods were used for estimating salinity profiles in the present study. The results obtained from method 5 (Surface salinity added to fourth degree polynomial of temperature) were better than other methods for the upper 130m, while method 8 (longitude, latitude and day of year added to third degree polynomial of temperature) were better for the rest depths.
Abstract: This paper attends the problem of estimating salinity for a southeastern Mediterranean Sea. The main objective of the present study is the estimation of salinity profiles in the upper 500m from measurements of temperature profiles and surface salinity. 465 Temperature and salinity profiles were selected for this study, taken from expeditions carrie...
Show More
