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Batch Removal of Hazardous Safranin-O in Wastewater Using Pineapple Peels as an Agricultural Waste Based Adsorbent
Mohammed,
M. A.,
Ibrahim,
A.,
Shitu,
A.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
128-133
Received:
27 March 2014
Accepted:
10 April 2014
Published:
20 May 2014
Abstract: Towards attaining a sustainable engineered chemical processes, pineapple peels waste (Ananas comoscus), a low cost agricultural waste material was investigated to serve as an adsorbent for removal of safranin-O in wastewater treatment. The process was carried out in a batch with different initial concentrations of the adsorbate. The amount of adsorbent dose used was varied, as well as pH and contact time. Initially, the uptake of dye was very fast, but gradually slowed down indicating penetration into the interior of the adsorbent particles. it was observed that acidic pH was more favorable for the adsorption. Maximum adsorption capacity was reached after 90min, during which the adsorbate and adsorbent were in contact at 29oC. The results obtained fitted Freundlich and Langmuir models; the Freundlich model better described the equilibrium dye uptake than the Langmuir. The study suggests that Pineapple peel wastes can be a potential alternate adsorbent for safranin-O removal from wastewater.
Abstract: Towards attaining a sustainable engineered chemical processes, pineapple peels waste (Ananas comoscus), a low cost agricultural waste material was investigated to serve as an adsorbent for removal of safranin-O in wastewater treatment. The process was carried out in a batch with different initial concentrations of the adsorbate. The amount of adsor...
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Transport of Cadmium and Zinc from Sepetiba Bay to Cabuçu-Piraquê River Estuary (Brazil)
José Lucas Alves-Neto,
Arthur Vinícius Lopes Barbosa,
Munique Alves Medeiros,
Evelton Alves Casartelli,
Alcides Wagner Serpa Guarino,
Fábio Merçon
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
134-144
Received:
5 May 2014
Accepted:
28 May 2014
Published:
10 June 2014
Abstract: Cabuçu-Piraquê River, a tributary of Sepetiba Bay (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil), has a history of pollution for decades, but without a systematic study of origin and fate of trace elements such as cadmium and zinc, in its environmental compartments. The bioaccumulation of these elements can cause serious damage to the biota of mangroves in its estuary, and to human consumers of local fisheries. In this study, it was evaluated the current state of contamination of water and sediment from that river, as well as the occurrence of accumulation of these metals in the estuary´s sediment fraction brought by the bay waters during high tides. Concentrations of cadmium and zinc above those considered safe by Brazilian law were found both in the fine fraction (< 63 µm) of sediment, averages of 4.4 and 1232 mg/kg, respectively, and at high tide waters, 0.08 and 0.24 mg/L, respectively. Both metals were found only in the most bioavailable operational fractions of waters, while sediment average values of 96 % were found for Cd, and 98 % for Zn at same most bioavailable fractions. From the concentrations of these metals in water from the saline wedge generated by the bay, it was possible to infer such an influx into the estuary from the material present in the bay waters, and this transport process may be shipping a major contributor to contamination of the local mangroves.
Abstract: Cabuçu-Piraquê River, a tributary of Sepetiba Bay (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil), has a history of pollution for decades, but without a systematic study of origin and fate of trace elements such as cadmium and zinc, in its environmental compartments. The bioaccumulation of these elements can cause serious damage to the biota of mangroves in its est...
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Analyze on the Legal Subjects of Environmental Protection with Public Trust Doctrine
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
145-150
Received:
17 April 2014
Accepted:
23 May 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: The public trust doctrine is just like a precious stone, which originates from the English law and even the Roman law earlier. And it realizes the limitation on the administrative behavior and the ecological protection in the American environmental protection practice. It is used in more and more occasions, and turns to the jewel shining on the crown of environmental law. The doctrine clarifies that the administrative power is authorized by the public. The settlor is the public, and the government is entrusted. The public as the settlor and beneficiary possess the right to earnings of trust property. As the trustee, the government has the right of managing and disposing the property which bases on protecting the public benefit. Nowadays, the doctrine has turned into an important legal principle aiming at environmental protection. It includes not only the primary obligation to protect environment of the government, but the privilege of the citizen to ask the government for fulfilling its duty. The core of the theory lies in restricting the administrative power and maximizing the public benefit. Most damage caused by the environmental pollution can be avoided by the subjects taking their responsibility actively.
Abstract: The public trust doctrine is just like a precious stone, which originates from the English law and even the Roman law earlier. And it realizes the limitation on the administrative behavior and the ecological protection in the American environmental protection practice. It is used in more and more occasions, and turns to the jewel shining on the cro...
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Different Heavy Metal Concentrations in Plants and Soil Irrigated with Industrial / Sewage Waste Water
Khadija Siddique,
Shafaqat Ali,
Mujahid Farid,
Samia Sajid,
Afifa Aslam,
Rehan Ahmad,
Lubna Taj,
Muhammad Mudassir Nazir
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
151-157
Received:
8 June 2014
Accepted:
28 June 2014
Published:
10 July 2014
Abstract: Application of waste water for irrigation purposes has increased over the past years. This waste water contains high amount of trace elements and heavy metals. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the concentration of iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) in soil irrigated with waste water at different depths and also in the leaves and flowers of vegetables grown in that soil. Samples were collected from vegetable farms located along drain where vegetables were grown by untreated sewage water. Plant samples were washed and cut into pieces, air dried in fluidized bed dryer. After digestion, concentration of heavy metals was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results revealed that heavy metals concentration in soil irrigated with waste water was higher the toxicity level at depth of 0-15cm than the lower layer 16-30cm while the leaves and fruits of vegetables also showed higher concentration of heavy metals. The maximum concentration of lead, iron and manganese was recorded in soil samples taken from Nawabanwala, Malkanwala and Sheikhanwala respectively.
Abstract: Application of waste water for irrigation purposes has increased over the past years. This waste water contains high amount of trace elements and heavy metals. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the concentration of iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) in soil irrigated with waste water at different depths and also in the leaves and flowe...
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Water Quality Assessment of UPM Lake and the Impact of Geographic Information System
Adeleke AbdulRahman O.,
NikDaud N.N.,
Ahsan Amimul,
Biswajeet Pradhan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
158-162
Received:
10 June 2014
Accepted:
30 June 2014
Published:
10 July 2014
Abstract: A study of the water quality changes of engineering lake was conducted for 3 months in March, August and September. A total of 8 water quality parameters were measured and their average monthly observations were recorded with consideration of both point source and non-point source (NPS) pollutants. The parameters measured were Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N),pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and water temperature.This was done according to the guidelines of department of environment (DOE) Malaysiaon water quality assessment with respect to Interim National Water Quality standards (INWQS). Based on INWQS and WQI Malaysia the lake was classified as polluted against class IIb. This shows the lake is not suitable for recreational activitiessuch as fishing, canoeing. The level of pollution based on spatial resolution of two water quality parameters, BOD and water temperature was made possible using geographical information system (GIS). ARCMAP 10.1 softwarewas used for this application to determine the concentration of the parameters at every position in the lake.
Abstract: A study of the water quality changes of engineering lake was conducted for 3 months in March, August and September. A total of 8 water quality parameters were measured and their average monthly observations were recorded with consideration of both point source and non-point source (NPS) pollutants. The parameters measured were Biochemical Oxygen De...
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Monitoring and Assessment of Leaf Litter Dynamics in a Mixed Mangal Forest of the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria
Edu. Esther. Aja. B,
Nsirim. L. Edwin. Wosu,
Martins,
O. Ononyume
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
163-174
Received:
25 January 2014
Accepted:
10 July 2014
Published:
10 July 2014
Abstract: The leaf litter decomposition of Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia africana were studied across a tidal gradient in a mixed mangrove forest of the Cross River estuary Nigeria. Leaf litter decomposition was measured along the tidal gradients (low, mid, high) using litter bags. A single exponential model was used to study the decomposition rates of the leaves. Leaf decomposition varied significantly (P < 0.001) among species and spatially across tidal gradients over the study period. Decomposition was fastest in A. africana and slowest in N. fruticans and spatially, it was fastest at the low tide level and slowest at the high tide level. Tidal effects were much larger than species differences in the decomposition rates. The time (days) required for the loss of half the initial dry mass (T50) of the decomposing leaves at the low, mid and high tide levels were A. africana, 46, 57 and 77, R. racemosa 69, 86 and 115, and N. fruticans 86, 99 and 115 respectively. Estimates of leaf litter turnover rates showed that the actual litter turnover based on the relative measure of leaf litterfall and biomass on the forest floor (Kt) were much shorter than the projected litter turnover based on the leaf decomposition rates (Kd). The estimated actual residence times were less than one day while the projected residence times ranged from 83 to 142 days across tidal gradients, suggesting involvement of other ecological processes in litter loss and their possible transport into the Cross River estuary. The nitrogen contents and nutritional value of the decomposing leaves increased with time during the study. The increase varied significantly (P <0.001) among species, as well as temporally (P < 0.001) and spatially (P ≤ 0.05). The average C:N ratio decreased from 27.7 to 22.1 in A. africana, 26.4 to 23.9 in R. racemosa and 32.8 to 23.6 in N. fruticans. The overall changes in nutrients during decomposition indicated net mineralization. Mangrove leaf litter dynamics, trophic value and organic matter exchange of the system have implications on the productivity of the Cross River estuary and ultimately the Gulf of Guinea. Knowledge of these processes is critical for the maintenance and long term sustainability of the mangrove and surrounding ecosystems.
Abstract: The leaf litter decomposition of Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia africana were studied across a tidal gradient in a mixed mangrove forest of the Cross River estuary Nigeria. Leaf litter decomposition was measured along the tidal gradients (low, mid, high) using litter bags. A single exponential model was used to study the decompos...
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Environmental Impact Assessment of Sundarbans in Bangladesh
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, June 2014
Pages:
175-184
Received:
3 June 2014
Accepted:
27 June 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
Abstract: The problem of piracy in Sundarbans has been shown as one of the main problems hindering development work therein. In relation to development work of the forest most of the total respondents assigned at various important management positions of the Forest Department (57.14 % of the officials) mentioned that improving the development work should include measures to protect of Sundarbans from any sort of piracy or robbery. Another problem that chokes the development work of Sundarbans is the inability of the management to forecast properly the weather or other radical environmental phenomenon causing disaster of Sundarbans. After a long survey and study, some logical suggestions have also been made. To protect Sundarbans, all management work should be taken for development and preservation. To do this first of all we need to protect the management staffs that are engaged in the protection of Sundarbans. Then it is expected that the condition of the forest will be improved. Proper community involvement should be made in order to eradicate piracy and other activities detrimental to the Sundarbans, such as indiscriminate felling of trees, and killing of tigers, deer’s, and other animals including water resources.
Abstract: The problem of piracy in Sundarbans has been shown as one of the main problems hindering development work therein. In relation to development work of the forest most of the total respondents assigned at various important management positions of the Forest Department (57.14 % of the officials) mentioned that improving the development work should inc...
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