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Research Article
Hydropower Dam-Based Rural Electrification in Ethiopia: The Case of Amerti-Nashe Hydropower Plant, Horo Guduru Wollega Zone
Temesgen Soressa*,
Tegegne Gebre-Egziabher
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
1-11
Received:
29 November 2023
Accepted:
3 January 2024
Published:
1 February 2024
Abstract: Expanding electricity access and energy in rural areas is a central policy issue in Ethiopia. The hydropower plant is one of the solutions to the shortage of electric energy in remote rural areas. This research deals with Amerti-Nashe dam-induced rural electrification in western Ethiopia. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the rural electrification impact of small dams on local communities in Ethiopia in the case of the Ameri Nashi dams. The study collected primary data from a sample of 316 households that live in the vicinity of the dam. Statistical analyses such as the Chi-square test, paired t-test, and binary logistics model were performed to determine differences in energy distribution, use of energy before and after the dam project, energy adoption status, challenges for households to adopt electric energy, and energy impacts. The result of the research shows that more than half of the population was not provided energy from the nearby Ameri-Nashe and Fincha dams, and instead, the majority of the population of the zone depends on traditional fuel as a source of energy. There was a disparity in the distribution of electric energy among the sample households due to different factors like distance from the grid line, the unaffordable cost of adoption, and grid-based electric energy.
Abstract: Expanding electricity access and energy in rural areas is a central policy issue in Ethiopia. The hydropower plant is one of the solutions to the shortage of electric energy in remote rural areas. This research deals with Amerti-Nashe dam-induced rural electrification in western Ethiopia. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the ru...
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Research Article
A Comparison Study of Carbon and Energy Footprints Between Traditional Metallic and Non-Metallic Materials in the Oil and Gas Sector
Salman Faleh Aldossari*,
Hussain Fathi Alhabib,
Abdulaziz Ibrahim Al-Salem
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
12-22
Received:
11 January 2024
Accepted:
29 January 2024
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: This study assesses the carbon and energy footprints of the non-metallic (NM) and traditional metallic materials in the Oil and Gas applications following a “cradle to grave” Life Cycle Assessment in accordance with ISO 14040/44. The assessment aims to identify and mitigate non-metallics’ negative public image, and to provide scientifically-based data of the carbon footprint of NM’s. The study includes: the stages of production of raw material, transport of material to the manufacturing site, manufacturing, transport to installation, installation, and end of life. The study assesses nine NM products (such as steel reinforced thermoplastic pipe, and carbon steel with HDPE liner) which would replace their conventional products (such as steel tanks and butterfly valves). The assumptions in this study include material installation methods, transportation distances, mode of transportation, and others which are further discussed. The use of NM and traditional products is assumed to be identical, and therefore its carbon and energy footprint is excluded from the comparison. The study addresses materials and methods, which include the product system comparison between conventional and NMs, LCA inventory analysis for each comparison, and the geographical coverage and boundaries for each comparison. Moreover, the study specifies the measurement methodology for each comparison, for instance CO2eq. The results and finding of this study are illustrated in charts for each comparison, and in summary, the assessment showed that the NM products have less global warming potential when compared to their respective traditional products in the Oil and Gas sector.
Abstract: This study assesses the carbon and energy footprints of the non-metallic (NM) and traditional metallic materials in the Oil and Gas applications following a “cradle to grave” Life Cycle Assessment in accordance with ISO 14040/44. The assessment aims to identify and mitigate non-metallics’ negative public image, and to provide scientifically-based d...
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Research Article
Assessment of the Polluting Status of Sludge from a Physicochemical Water Purification Unit and Their Impacts on the Soil: Case of the Yato Station (Littoral-Cameroon)
Yolande Djougo-Jantcheu*,
Barthélémy Ndongo,
Roger Ntankouo Njila,
Kevin Nguedia Djatsa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
23-32
Received:
12 January 2024
Accepted:
5 February 2024
Published:
27 February 2024
Abstract: The Yato physicochemical water purification station is located in Dibombari District Council in the Littoral-Cameroon region. It is one of the largest drinking water production stations in the Central African sub-region. This work aims to evaluate, through the quantification of the concentrations of Trace Metal Elements (TMEs), the polluting status of the sludge from this drinking water production station and their impacts on the soil. To achieve this objective, mixed samples of sludge from sludge treatment ponds (taken according to the technique described in GIDS-A003 point 6 as explained in the Solid and pasty waste sampling strategy of Code of Good Practice No. 2) and samples of sludge from primary settling basins (taken in transparent bottles in polyethylene terephthalate of 1.5L) were analysed. Likewise, three soil wells were carried out and soil samples were taken on two levels of alteration then sent to the laboratory where physicochemical and TME analyses were carried out. The characteristics of the samples that were analysed are: particle size, texture (sand, silt, clay), physiochemistry (pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, phosphorus, nitrogen) and TME (chromium, copper, zinc, manganese). The results obtained show that the polluting status of the sludge from the Yato station is proven because their pollution index by heavy metals is greater than 1. The pollution index greater than 1 in the sludge from the treatment basins is due to the strong concentrations of TME originating from the accumulation of waste of all kinds in this location. Overall, TME concentrations in soils decrease for the most part from the surface towards depth. All the TMEs studied (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr) are present in all horizons. There is multiple contamination of sludge by TMEs because their pollution index is greater than 1 (IP>1). Although the sludge pollution indices are greater than 1, those of the different horizons are much lower than 1. Thus, since the TMEs decrease with depth, the subsurface horizons would be less affected by the pollutants contained in the station sludge. marking a real pollution of the surface layers.
Abstract: The Yato physicochemical water purification station is located in Dibombari District Council in the Littoral-Cameroon region. It is one of the largest drinking water production stations in the Central African sub-region. This work aims to evaluate, through the quantification of the concentrations of Trace Metal Elements (TMEs), the polluting status...
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Research Article
Mathematical Prediction of Electrical Solar Energy Based on Solar Data for Two Main Cities of Chad: Mongo in the Centre and Pala in the South of Chad
Ali Ramadan Ali,
Mahamat Kher Nediguina,
Adoum Kriga,
Marinette Jeutho Gouajio,
Adoum Danao Adile,
Fabien Kenmogne*,
Abakar Mahamat Tahir
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
33-45
Received:
6 February 2024
Accepted:
26 February 2024
Published:
13 March 2024
Abstract: The comparative study of the solar powers between two main cities of Chad is performed in the present work, the city of Mongo in the Centre and that of Pala in the South, with an aim of knowing which one of the two cities is more adequate for an installation of the solar power station, taking into account the regional climatic and environmental conditions of both cities. To do this, the graphical statistical analysis of long-term solar irradiance data and temperature is performed. The data used is that of the decade (2010-2020), based on solar radiation data handed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PGIS) for Mongo in the centre and Pala in the south of Chad. The shape of the mean monthly irradiation has been plotted and has been approximated using the sinusoidal function through the mean square analysis. The temperature data has been also obtained by the same process and plotted versus irradiance in order to find the adequate mathematical relationship between them. For the statistical analysis, the maximum entropy principle has been used. As results, it is found that the maximum irradiance is obtained in March, which are 226.26kWh/m2 for Pala and 219.355kWh/m2 for Mongo, while the minimum irradiances are obtained in August, which are 151.67kWh/m2 for Pala and 158.9kWh/m2 for Mongo. The temperature data is also obtained and the mean monthly data plotted, showing that apart for the months of March and April, the the shapes of irradiation and temperatures are similar for both sites. Then it is found that the frequency and probability density distributions reach their maximum at the same dates.
Abstract: The comparative study of the solar powers between two main cities of Chad is performed in the present work, the city of Mongo in the Centre and that of Pala in the South, with an aim of knowing which one of the two cities is more adequate for an installation of the solar power station, taking into account the regional climatic and environmental con...
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