Development of Human Indices to Determine Both Returning Point of Residents and Damage Restoration for Response Protocol After the Chemical Accident
Jun Yong Yang,
Jeong Moo Heo,
Hyun Seok Lee,
Jun Sang Lee,
Yong Sung Cho,
Ho Hyun Kim,
Sang Hee Park
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
129-138
Received:
18 March 2022
Accepted:
8 April 2022
Published:
29 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.11
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Abstract: There were about 600 cases of large and small chemical accidents from 2014 to 2020 throughout Korea. The number of chemical accident cases after enforcement of AREEC and CSCA was declined sharply to 113, 79, and 57 in 2015, 2017, and 2019 respectively, which was reduced almost half of the number from 2015. Even if, the number of chemical accident cases was dramatically decreased, a response protocol for returning point of chemical accidental area residents and damage restoration is urgently required. Therefore, human indices were developed to determine returning point of residents and damage restoration after the chemical accident. To determine the returning point of residents after the chemical accident, a new concept, the standard man model was introduced as a human index, in which both H-code and its acute effects were main idea. To evaluate the applicability, a hydrogen fluoride leakage accident in Gumi was applied. The returning point were suggested as the conservative remission period of acute effects among relevant hazard effects and compared with actual returning point. The coverage of each age group were considered with reflecting average daily dose expected for actual residents. In addition, a relief-index as a social-scientific approach was reflected as well to apply the damage restoration. Actual returning point of residents in Gumi was 88 days; and that of standard man model suggested was 84 days. The expected amount of exposure at aged 12 or under was at least 2.35 times greater than that of this model, 40s, theoretically. However, their population ratio was less than 1%, so 99% of residents could be applied when the standard man model was applied. The relief-index was as an objective and quantitative methodology to apply the qualitative aspect. Although evaluated as a relatively positive result, there was a limitation such as the number of accident applied to the verification of standard man model. The relief index was also considered, but further research should be carried out to find threshold level for the relief.
Abstract: There were about 600 cases of large and small chemical accidents from 2014 to 2020 throughout Korea. The number of chemical accident cases after enforcement of AREEC and CSCA was declined sharply to 113, 79, and 57 in 2015, 2017, and 2019 respectively, which was reduced almost half of the number from 2015. Even if, the number of chemical accident c...
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The Exploitation of Families' Natural Resources in the Coastal Area of El Salvador
Osmel Alberto Sanchez Granados,
Ana Sandra Aguilar Mendoza,
Jose Rigoberto Vaquerano Benavides,
Lizzie Najera Henríquez,
Larissa Hernandez Monterrosa,
Glenda Yamileth Trejo Magaña,
Elmer José René Hernández Romero,
Edwin Osmil Coreas Flores,
Ramón Edgardo Marquina Martínez
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
139-144
Received:
15 July 2022
Accepted:
12 August 2022
Published:
24 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.12
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Abstract: By making a general introduction to the topic of natural resources, this paper presents an analysis in order to identify the exploitation of the natural resources of families in the coastal area of El Salvador, since it is considered an important factor for the management of natural disasters, as well as the knowledge of protection and conservation of resources in the coastal zone, Deforested and polluted mangroves affect the productivity of various species, runoff and the use of agrochemicals. The study was quantitative with a descriptive correlational approach, whose sample was made up of 1,810 families. The survey technique was applied using QuestionPro software. This study was carried out to know the current state of natural resources in the coastal zone, the results show that the majority of people in the coastal zone stated that they were not trained in the management of water for irrigation and fish rearing in 70.5% of the family members of how to treat crops damaged or affected by pests, was found in 61% most families do not have enough knowledge the data of this report is evidenced that in relation to the area near the residences of the family occur practices of the same residents who disfavor the natural resources that are part of the ecosystem where they live, it is evident that in relation to the community if there is a risk of flooding and water overflows, 58.0%, also express that they if they use firewood as a family as fuel for the home either for the kitchen in 79.46%; and other families expressed that they do not use firewood for household chores in 20.6%, they use propane gas for their activities. Most families make use of this resource for the home. In the communities of the marine coastal zone there is a high reduction of salt forest, the poor use and poor care of their natural resources that has led to a progressive damage to the nearby marine ecosystem.
Abstract: By making a general introduction to the topic of natural resources, this paper presents an analysis in order to identify the exploitation of the natural resources of families in the coastal area of El Salvador, since it is considered an important factor for the management of natural disasters, as well as the knowledge of protection and conservation...
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Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Carbon Components and Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Nanjing, China
Wentao Yu,
Maoyu Cao,
Mindong Chen
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
145-154
Received:
5 September 2022
Accepted:
19 September 2022
Published:
27 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20220603.13
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Abstract: Nanjing, an important city in the Yangtze River Delta region, faces serious air pollution problems, especially particulate pollution. PM2.5 can reduce atmospheric visibility and affect climate change, as well as adversely affect human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the components of PM2.5. In order to study the component characteristics and sources of PM2.5 in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, 191 PM2.5 samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for water-soluble ions (WSI), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). The annual average mass concentrations of OC, EC, and WSOC were 5.30 μg m-3, 0.96 μg m-3, and 3.09 μg m-3, respectively. The variation characteristics of their seasonal abundance were basically the same, which reached the maximum in winter and the lowest in summer. Based on the ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon, we find that the air in the northern suburbs of Nanjing is affected by coal burning, exhaust emissions and biomass combustion. The annual mean mass concentration of WSI in PM2.5 was 23.00 μg m-3, and the order of seasonal concentration was winter > autumn > spring > summer. The WSI in PM2.5 are mainly SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+. Through the concentration ratio of NO3-/SO42-, we found that mobile sources were the main sources of pollution in autumn and winter, while stationary sources were the main sources of pollution in summer. Through the iterative calculation of PMF, five sources of PM2.5 are determined, which are second generation (37.5%), traffic-related source (36.7%), combustion source (9.6%), marine source (8.5%), and industrial emissions (7.7%). In different seasons, PM2.5 is significantly correlated with SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+, indicating that PM2.5 mainly comes from secondary generation.
Abstract: Nanjing, an important city in the Yangtze River Delta region, faces serious air pollution problems, especially particulate pollution. PM2.5 can reduce atmospheric visibility and affect climate change, as well as adversely affect human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the components of PM2.5. In order to study the component charact...
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