-
Evidence and Prediction Regarding the Continuous Global Warming: A Severe Domino Effect
Junhyeop Cho,
Gyeongseung Han,
Christopher Jeongchan Lee,
Suh Hyun Lee,
Aaron Youngwoo Yoo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
76-86
Received:
23 September 2021
Accepted:
5 October 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: Global warming has been a major threat to Earth for decades; still, this issue has not been taken seriously by many. Although it is proven that one of its main causes is human activity, humanity’s effort towards a safer, healthier planet has been minimal. After years of neglect, global warming has worsened, and its adverse effects have become more severe. This paper aims to underscore the necessity of human efforts and universal contribution to subside the devastating ramifications of global warming. To investigate the past, present, and possible future consequences of global warming, this paper analyzes data mostly obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The paper also presents graphs that clearly illustrate the increases in global sea levels, permafrost temperatures, sea surface temperatures, and concentrations of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the paper utilizes a linear regression machine learning algorithm, a method widely used by researchers to create predictive models, to depict future trends of the data of the aforementioned subjects. This analysis and visualization of data conclude that a so-called “domino effect” was certainly present as some environmental changes of global warming. To solve the problem of global warming, the paper finally uses the K-neighbor regression method in Python to predict the amount of power generated in the solar power systems of Berkeley, California in an accurate, flexible way.
Abstract: Global warming has been a major threat to Earth for decades; still, this issue has not been taken seriously by many. Although it is proven that one of its main causes is human activity, humanity’s effort towards a safer, healthier planet has been minimal. After years of neglect, global warming has worsened, and its adverse effects have become more ...
Show More
-
Establish a Mathematical Model for Key Nutrients in Catfish Ponds
Le Xuan Thinh,
Dang Xuan Hien,
Tran Van Nhan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
87-94
Received:
14 September 2021
Accepted:
13 October 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: Catfish (Pangasius) is a famous and popular food in many countries around the world, and it has contributed greatly to the economy through exports. However, Pangasius farming without planning leads the fish to be more susceptible to disease and causing high pollution to the environment. The objective of this study is to use the mathematic model to identify the development processes of key nutrients in the catfish ponds. The model was used data from Washington lake and calibration and validation by measured data at the Vietnamese pond. The results showed that the actual PO43- was in the range of 0.043 - 3.07 mg/l, PO43- modeling in range of 0.043 to 1.956 mg/L; TP actual: 0.098 – 3.924 mg/L, TP modeling: 0.098 – 2.658 mg/L with an average error of the PO43- and TP at the modeling graphs were 40% and 30.83%. The actual NO3- concentration: 0.018 - 0.8, modeling NO3-: 0.018 - 0.832 mg/L; actual NH4+: 0.146 – 2.83 mg/L, NH4+ modeling: 0.146 – 3.432 mg/L; actual TN: 0.442 - 5.55 mg/L, TN modeling: 0.442 - 5.852 mg/L, the average error of NO3-, NH4+ and TN at the modeling graphs were 40.31%, 27.47% and 17.74%. The MSE and RMSE of of PO43- in actual are 0.159 and 0.399 and in model are 0.000 and 0.016; TP in actual are 0.138 and 0.371 and in model are 0.000 and 0.003; NO3- in actual are 0.043 and 0.206 and in model are 0.000 and 0.000; NH4+ in actual are 1.343 and 1.159 and in model are 0.005 and 0.072; TN in actual are 0.195 and 0.441, in model are 0.001 and 0.031, respectively. The result of modeled data was still in the range of environmental indicators was mentioned in much other research. It helps to control the development of environmental factors in the pond to optimize the fish production as well as reduce the impact to the received areas. The model need to be continuing research to identify the impact of external factors (weather, light, etc.,) and also reduce the errors for better management.
Abstract: Catfish (Pangasius) is a famous and popular food in many countries around the world, and it has contributed greatly to the economy through exports. However, Pangasius farming without planning leads the fish to be more susceptible to disease and causing high pollution to the environment. The objective of this study is to use the mathematic model to ...
Show More
-
Seismic Hazards Assessment in the Eastern Himalayas Region
Uma Ghosh,
Pankaj Mala Bhattacharya
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
95-103
Received:
26 August 2021
Accepted:
29 October 2021
Published:
23 November 2021
Abstract: Spatial distribution of seismicity and seismic characteristics (fractal dimension, b-value, energy release, reoccurrence period) are assessed for the Himalayan Region (27° – 30°N and 85°– 97°E). The database consists of relocated earthquakes M ≥ 3.8 selected for the period 1964-2017 from the International Seismological Centre (ISC) catalogues (Engdahl, van der Hilst, and Buland (EHB) 2007). The Gutenberg - Richter frequency-magnitude relation (b-value) is calculated by the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) and by Least Square Method. The fractal dimension is estimated using the correlation integral method. The entire event set was also used for estimating radiated energy in the region. Four probabilistic models namely, Weibul, Gamma, Lognormal and Exponential have been used to estimate the probability of the occurrence of moderate earthquakes (M ≥ 5.5 and M ≥ 6.5) during a specified interval of time using the Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE) for estimating the model parameters. The highly stressed zones in the entire region are indicated by low b-values, low fractal dimension and low radiated energy. The vulnerable zones (Arunachal Himalayas, Mishami thrust zone) have been identified by these maps which are further corroborated with the probabilistic models to assess the seismic hazards in the Himalaya region. These areas are indicative of future probable earthquakes regions.
Abstract: Spatial distribution of seismicity and seismic characteristics (fractal dimension, b-value, energy release, reoccurrence period) are assessed for the Himalayan Region (27° – 30°N and 85°– 97°E). The database consists of relocated earthquakes M ≥ 3.8 selected for the period 1964-2017 from the International Seismological Centre (ISC) catalogues (Engd...
Show More
-
Comparing Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Variability with Meteorological and Remote Sensing Data, Implications for Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Ghana
Mensah-Brako Bismark,
Agyei Agyare Wilson,
Nyatuame Mexoese,
Ahorsu Kojo Samuel
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
104-112
Received:
3 November 2021
Accepted:
27 November 2021
Published:
3 December 2021
Abstract: In-depth knowledge of smallholder farmers’ perception of changing climate variables such as recurrent and protracted droughts, late onset of rainfall, early cessation of rainfall and their coping adaptation strategies are very significant in designing climate resilient agriculture among smallholder food crop farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper examines smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate variability vis-á-vis meteorological and satellite remote sensing data and their implications for climate smart agriculture technologies. Integration of meteorological, satellite remote sensing and farm-level data were used. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select four towns, eight communities and 398 smallholder food crop farmers. Spearmans’ rank correlation coefficient and Standardized Precipitation Index were used to assess the distribution of climate variables. In addition, three vegetation drought characteristic indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Water Supply Vegetation Index (WSVI) were used to examine drought conditions within the basin. The results indicated that smallholder farmers in the Offin river basin perceived recurrent and prolonged droughts, rising temperatures, late onset of rainfall, early cessation of rainfall, increasing dry spells, reduction in the length of rainfall season and shorten cropping season as a main indicators of climate variability. The findings further revealed that farmers’ perceptions on climate variability strongly agrees with meteorological and satellite remote sensing data which not only demonstrated rising temperature and frequent and prolonged droughts but also late onset and early cessation of rainfall and reduction in growing season rainfall. Smallholder food crop farmers in the Offin river basin have a high awareness of variation in climate condition and have taken coping strategies to reduce the effects of climate change and climate variability. Smallholder food crop farmers in the basin have also adopted climate smart agriculture technologies such as crop management techniques, integrated soil and nutrient management practices, tillage and residue management, small scale irrigation systems, inland valleys cropping and renewable energy systems to increase agricultural productivity and build resilience to climate variability. The policy implication is that, smallholder food crop farmers’ knowledge on climate variability should be considered as a practical input in designing and planning climate variability coping adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Abstract: In-depth knowledge of smallholder farmers’ perception of changing climate variables such as recurrent and protracted droughts, late onset of rainfall, early cessation of rainfall and their coping adaptation strategies are very significant in designing climate resilient agriculture among smallholder food crop farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Thi...
Show More
-
Mapping Physical Development Changes in Lagos Island Local Government Area of Lagos State Using Geospatial Techniques
Leonard Michael Onyinyechi Aminigbo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
113-123
Received:
19 October 2021
Accepted:
25 November 2021
Published:
11 December 2021
Abstract: The scope of the research work comprised the planning and preliminary data requirement analyses, acquisition of preliminary data such as base map, data processing and database creation process, GIS implementation using linear referencing, map creation and analyses of data as well as the presentation of results. The aim of this research is to produce a new and updated map of the study area and document changes that have occurred over time. The objectives therefore includes; obtaining an older map of Lagos Island and update its features, obtaining the GPS coordinates within the study area for geo-referencing, analyzing the land use patterns for the study area, producing a new map in a Geospatial Information System Environment and analyzing the social-economic activities within the study area. The study area of this research is Lagos Island Local Government Area, in Lagos State, Nigeria. It is located in the South-western part of Lagos. The Study area is Located to the extreme south of Lagos, within the latitude 6°22′- 6°25′N and Longitude 3°25′E around Atlas Cove Depot and Jetty. Methodologically, this study employed field studies where equipments such as Garmin GPS MAP 62 (Series), Data storage, manipulation and retrieval hardwares were deployed. GIS operations were carried out using softwares such ArcGIS 10.8, AutoCAD 2007 for drafting, GoogleEarth-4.2 pro Application, Microsoft Excel 2007 for the storage of easting and northing (x, y) values, for all segment points and points of interest in the study area ArcGIS 10.8 software was used for Dynamic segmentation process and GIS analysis involving spatial analysis and search while Microsoft Word 2007 was used for documentation. The result showed new spatial features such as reclaimed wet lands, new roads, buildings and social amenities located in the updated map. Finally the study by demonstrating the capacity of the use GIS and remote sensing techniques for updating of maps.
Abstract: The scope of the research work comprised the planning and preliminary data requirement analyses, acquisition of preliminary data such as base map, data processing and database creation process, GIS implementation using linear referencing, map creation and analyses of data as well as the presentation of results. The aim of this research is to produc...
Show More
-
Design, Fabrication and Performance Test of a Pilot Scale Bioethanol Plant with Fractional Distillation Unit
Biose Osadebe,
Jonah Daudeya Angalapu,
Maureen Imhontu,
Oghosa Akenzua,
Bildad Atsegha,
Christopher Okorie,
James Onabe,
Igbinomwahia Dennis Iyeke
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
124-129
Received:
6 December 2021
Accepted:
22 December 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: This study presents the design and development of a pilot scale bioethanol plant. The pilot plant was designed to produce an average of 20 liters/day of ethanol from a 60 litre volume of brut/beer from agricultural waste materials. The design of the bioethanol plant covers the stages of concept formation to the production of specification sheets for components parts and equipment, the design consideration for the plant was also included. The pilot plant consists of the fermentation pot, radiator, water pot, ethanol collection pot, fractional distillation unit, boiler, reboiler, condenser, pumps, electrical components, frame and base of the plant and tyres for mobility. The materials used for the development of the plant are mainly stainless steel, mild steel and copper. A performance test was carried out on the bioethanol plant with fractional distillation unit. Agricultural waste material was used for the testing of the plant. The feedstock was processed and allowed to undergo fermentation during which physicochemical parameters like pH, sugar content, alcoholic content, conductivity and specific gravity was carried out for a period of four days. The fermented beer/brut was then distilled to produce an average of 79% alcohol. The equipment was locally fabricated in the National Centre for Energy and Environment, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State Nigeria using about 85% local content. The pilot plant has proven the availability of local technology for bioethanol production in Nigeria.
Abstract: This study presents the design and development of a pilot scale bioethanol plant. The pilot plant was designed to produce an average of 20 liters/day of ethanol from a 60 litre volume of brut/beer from agricultural waste materials. The design of the bioethanol plant covers the stages of concept formation to the production of specification sheets fo...
Show More
