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Capacity of Composite Concrete-Steel Beams According to Euro Code 4
Abubakar Mamuda,
Duna Samson,
Idris Abubakar,
Ahmad Batari,
Nasir Kabir,
Adamu Umar Chinade
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
81-87
Received:
28 October 2018
Accepted:
14 November 2018
Published:
19 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijem.20180204.11
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Abstract: Modelling and Analysis was carried out using Finite Element to study the behaviour of composite beams according to Euro code 4 with respect to bending, shear and deflection under varying loads, and the ultimate loadings and section capacities corresponding to failure modes was evaluated. In bending the section capacity was found to increase with an increase in both concrete and steel strength however increase in flexural resistance with increase in compressive strength is very small that is 3.2% 3.1% and 3.0% when the concrete strength was increase from 25 N/mm2 to 30, 35 and 40 N/mm2 respectively, compare to the way it increase with increase in the steel strength by 27% and 21% when the strength was increase from 275 to 355 and 460N/mm2 respectively, but the ultimate flexural load capacity of the beams decreases with increase in the beam span for both the three steel strength. However, shear capacity of the sections remain unchanged at constant steel strength and varying length, but increases with increase in ultimate yield strength of the steel sections by 29%, and 67% when the ultimate yield strength was increase from 275 N/mm2 to 355 N/mm2 and 460 N/mm2 respectively, while allowable deflection increases with an increase in the beams span and the ultimate loadings with respect to deflection also decrease with increase in the beams span.
Abstract: Modelling and Analysis was carried out using Finite Element to study the behaviour of composite beams according to Euro code 4 with respect to bending, shear and deflection under varying loads, and the ultimate loadings and section capacities corresponding to failure modes was evaluated. In bending the section capacity was found to increase with an...
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Improving the Methods of Forecasting the Diversification of the Land Fund in the Region
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
88-92
Received:
28 October 2018
Accepted:
15 November 2018
Published:
19 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijem.20180204.12
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Abstract: This article focuses on techniques of land reform in the development of the region. Distribution activities for forecasting diversification of land fund should be carried out on the basis of time requirements. Economic development can only be achieved through the extensive use of available resources. The article also discusses the issues of land resources satisfaction with the needs of society and the economy, the regulation of land relations, and the need for full and effective use of predication. In order to regulate land use and to continually improve this process, it is necessary to create a master plan for the use of land resources in each region, town, city, distribution of land between the sectors of economy and social sphere, full use of fertile lands, improving the quality of arable land and irrigated land concepts. Diversification of the area should be done on the basis of the condition, the possibility of land demand. The distribution and redistribution of land, which is one of the key drivers of the development of various sectors of the economy, play an important role in the development of the regions. During the research process, statistical data is further processed. This process is done by comparing the technique.
Abstract: This article focuses on techniques of land reform in the development of the region. Distribution activities for forecasting diversification of land fund should be carried out on the basis of time requirements. Economic development can only be achieved through the extensive use of available resources. The article also discusses the issues of land re...
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Environmental Risk Indices for Municipal Solid Waste in the City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Assessing Pressure-Response Relationship
Emmanuel Kazuva,
Jiquan Zhang
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
93-103
Received:
30 October 2018
Accepted:
14 November 2018
Published:
19 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijem.20180204.13
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Abstract: This paper based on the previous study which used DPSIR model and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to assess environmental risk from Municipal Solid Waste in the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, by Kazuva, et al., (2018) The DPSIR Model for Environmental Risk Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15(8). In that study the Comprehensive Environmental Risk Index-(CERI) was categorised into five major indices of drivers-pressure-state-impact-response, as simulated from the model. Despite that each index contributed significantly to the CERI, pressure and response indices have been found with peculiar features. While pressure index showed the greatest influence to the alarming state of environmental pollution, response index found with dictating power to the trend of other indices. Therefore, this study intends to present the relationship between pressure and response indices from the established environmental risk indicator system, by using the experts’ questionnaires method and the AHP. Analysis was done by computing trend of the two indices in the period of 12 years (2006-2017). Literally, pressure and response indices have been found with opposing tendencies for the entire period of assessment. The response index with all its subordinates have continued found with a controlling power over pressure index. It slows down the risk value for pressure index, thus withholding the ERI from reaching the critical point (>0.8). However, this power has not been effective and sufficient to suppress the entire pressure which was constantly increasing in upward trend, somewhat threatening ecological environment and human health in urban setting.
Abstract: This paper based on the previous study which used DPSIR model and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to assess environmental risk from Municipal Solid Waste in the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, by Kazuva, et al., (2018) The DPSIR Model for Environmental Risk Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Re...
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Modelling of Project Buffer in Critical Chain Scheduling
Fatima Yousif Khalifa Abdulla Ali Alasbool,
Saad Mohammed Ahmed Suliman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
104-112
Received:
5 December 2018
Accepted:
25 December 2018
Published:
18 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijem.20180204.14
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Abstract: The aim of this research is to increase the accuracy in planning of the project duration by developing a mathematical model for project buffer to create a critical chain that will end with project duration near to the actual one required for building construction projects in Bahrain. Gathered actual data and questionnaire survey data were used to evaluate the previous models for project buffers as well as new developed ones; one was selected as the best model to be used for two story villas in Bahrain. The selected one was developed further to obtain a new model that will be more effective, and realistic to enhance the planning stage of such projects in Bahrain. The results showed that a merged model of critical chain density and resource density is the best model that has produced final project duration with a variance of 23.065 days from the actual project duration of 89.94 days obtained from the documented data of two story villas. A model was developed based on the above by creating a relationship between actual and planned durations of the selected best model, this model was then validated. Although the focus of this research is on projects of two story villas in Bahrain, having defined the specifications of these projects, the developed model can be used for projects with similar specifications.
Abstract: The aim of this research is to increase the accuracy in planning of the project duration by developing a mathematical model for project buffer to create a critical chain that will end with project duration near to the actual one required for building construction projects in Bahrain. Gathered actual data and questionnaire survey data were used to e...
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