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Heterogeneity in Event-Based Soil Hydrologic Response to Different Land Use Types in Upper River Njoro Catchment, Kenya
Leah Amisi,
Peter Musula Kundu,
Raphael Muli Wambua
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
47-57
Received:
16 August 2018
Accepted:
19 September 2018
Published:
19 October 2018
Abstract: Soil hydrologic response depends on the soil characteristics such as infiltration capacity, porosity, organic matter content and bulk density. Knowledge on the dynamics of these soil parameters and soil hydrologic response as a result of different land use types is crucial for formulation and adoption of proper soil and water conservation techniques for increased agricultural production. In this research, soil hydrologic response to different land use types is evaluated. Four land use types were purposely selected. These included natural forest, deforested land, fallow agricultural land and grassland. Soil samples were collected and soil hydraulic and hydrological properties that included soil texture, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, porosity and organic matter content were determined in the soil laboratory. The evaluated soil hydrological response parameters included runoff coefficients, infiltration rate, water repellency and ponding time. The findings showed that the highest and lowest mean bulk density of 1.36 and 0.96 g/cm3 was recorded for deforested and natural forest land respectively. The highest mean saturated hydraulic conductivity (170.21cm/day), porosity (0.62) and organic matter content (4.63%) were observed in the natural forest while the lowest values (24.78cm/day, 0.47 and 0.75%) respectively were found in the deforested land. High water repellency (100.34 cm/hr) and runoff coefficient (0.0077) was recorded in the deforested areas. The findings of this indicate how different land use types affect on-site hydrologic response and generation of stream flow in the catchment hence providing baseline data for future soil and water relations research.
Abstract: Soil hydrologic response depends on the soil characteristics such as infiltration capacity, porosity, organic matter content and bulk density. Knowledge on the dynamics of these soil parameters and soil hydrologic response as a result of different land use types is crucial for formulation and adoption of proper soil and water conservation technique...
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Hybrid Framework of, EWGM-FMEA, Analytical Hierarchy Process and Risk Balance Score Card for Risks Assessment in Energy Sector
Sahar Mohammad Al Mashaqbeh,
Jose Eduardo Munive Hernandez,
Mohammad Khurshid Khan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
58-66
Received:
30 October 2018
Accepted:
21 November 2018
Published:
17 December 2018
Abstract: Power plants are very important for continuous electricity energy supply and have been affected by many disruptions. Furthermore, the power grid is a critical item for both economy and society. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to adopt a risk assessment tool combining an improved Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and enhanced Risk Balance Score Card (RBSC) to model nine risk categories in the energy sector. The outputs of the improved FMEA methodology will be utilised as the inputs for the BSC-AHP framework. The improved FMEA methodology combines the exponential and weighted geometric mean to overcome some drawbacks of the conventional FMEA. The approach helps the top management in prioritising 84 risk indicators particularly, in power plants. The results of this model elucidate that the highest priority (most risky perspective) is for the supply chain perspective with 24.2% of the influence, followed by the internal and operational business process perspective with 18.4%. In this perspective, the technical risk is the key risk with 10.4% followed by the disruption risk with 9.4% while the lowest priority risk in this perspective is the project neglect risk with 2.5%. The sustainability perspective coming as the third priority perspective with 17.7%, where the environmental and safety health category covers about 41.7%, followed by the technological pillar with 35.5% and the social pillar with 22.8%. At the fourth level, the customer/demand perspective is coming with 14%, where the load forecasting risk has the highest priority in this perspective with 49%. The learning and growth perspective stay at the fifth level with 13% where the human resources risks category has more influence than the management risks category. The lowest risk perspective priority is the economic perspective with 12.7%. These results will help the top management in taking a holistic view of various non-technical risks at the strategic level and the priority for each one then, the suitable decision can be taken. The significance of this research is in presenting a novel improved for the traditional FMEA and combining it with the BSC-AHP methods to improve the risk assessment process of 84 risks of six perspectives of BSC in power plants at the strategic level.
Abstract: Power plants are very important for continuous electricity energy supply and have been affected by many disruptions. Furthermore, the power grid is a critical item for both economy and society. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to adopt a risk assessment tool combining an improved Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Analytical Hierarchy Pr...
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Wastewater Treatment Using Alum, the Combinations of Alum-Ferric Chloride, Alum-Chitosan, Alum-Zeolite and Alum- Moringa Oleifera as Adsorbent and Coagulant
Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba,
Sule Abubakar,
Ibrahim Mohammed Lawal,
Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff,
Ibrahim Umaru
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
67-75
Received:
30 October 2018
Accepted:
19 November 2018
Published:
17 December 2018
Abstract: Aluminium sulphate (alum), an inorganic salt, is the most widely used coagulant in wastewater treatment, due to its proven performance, cost-effectiveness and availability. However, the use of aluminium-based coagulant has become under scrutiny. Besides the large amount of sludge produced, high level of aluminium remaining in the treated water has raised concern on public health. Previous research has pointed out that the intake of large amount of aluminium salt may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. To reduce the large intake of aluminium salt in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME), this research examined the comparative suitability of alum and combinations of alum as the primary coagulant with other coagulants (ferric chloride, zeolite, chitosan and moringa oleifera) for the treatment of (POME) at optimum conditions of both coagulants. It also ascertain which combined coagulants with alum and an anionic polymer has the potential for higher pollutants removal. Results obtained revealed that, addition of 1 g/L of ferric chloride, 0.4 g/L chitosan and 1 g/L zeolite each to different dose of alum, were able to reduce alum dose from 4 g/L to 2 g/L, 3 g/L and 2 g/L. However, 2 g/L moringa oleifera addition could not reduce alum dose as high removal efficiencies for most parameters were obtained at 4 g/L alum + 2 g/L moringa oleifera.
Abstract: Aluminium sulphate (alum), an inorganic salt, is the most widely used coagulant in wastewater treatment, due to its proven performance, cost-effectiveness and availability. However, the use of aluminium-based coagulant has become under scrutiny. Besides the large amount of sludge produced, high level of aluminium remaining in the treated water has ...
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Database of Materials for the Evaluation of the Impact of Harmful Substances in Metallurgical Processes
Szymon Biernat,
Adam Bydałek
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
76-80
Received:
31 October 2018
Accepted:
19 November 2018
Published:
17 December 2018
Abstract: The study contains a description of the use of IT material base in foundry, refining and metallurgy processes. The program is an extension of applications for the assessment of physicochemical and refining properties of metallurgical slags and process base related to the production of brass. However, the functionality of this part is related to the assessment of the harmfulness of the use of specific substances in both laboratory and industrial processes. Thanks to the simple search interface, the user can get quick information about the dangers that can be carried by substances used by him. In addition, you can also check what protection measures should be used when working with the substances in question. The program also draws attention to the utilization of waste materials after production and research processes.
Abstract: The study contains a description of the use of IT material base in foundry, refining and metallurgy processes. The program is an extension of applications for the assessment of physicochemical and refining properties of metallurgical slags and process base related to the production of brass. However, the functionality of this part is related to the...
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