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Review Article
A Review of High Speed Railway Development Phases in Worldwide and Effects to Energy Policies in Turkey
Mehmet Çağrı Kızıltaş*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-5
Received:
18 December 2024
Accepted:
31 December 2024
Published:
21 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijtet.20251101.11
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Abstract: Transportation systems are discussed in the parallel to mass transport, intercity and intracity railways and marine lines. Especially in the metropolitan areas; they are vital and the main part of the problems and solutions. Modal integration and high balanced modal distribution are the key issues for metropolitan transportation solutions. These parameters are also result and check of a very wide area, they include social-economic-technic-cultural-politic distribution and integration of a city, metropolitan, region or a country. Railway transportation mode has a vital role on balanced modal distribution, intermodal integration, highway safety, sustainability, reducing highway traffic congestion and enhancing fuel savings. High speed railway is related with sustainability, innovation, environment friendship, alternative energy usage and well urban planning. High speed railway is a high capacity, high speed, high comfort and high technology railway transport mode. High speed railway is most improved inland transport mode with Maglev. High speed railway is very competitive on 400-800 km distance operations. In this paper firstly transportation policy effects on regional and city scale are expressed. Than transportation infrastructure bases, mentality and the position of high speed railway is evaluated in terms of them. After these development phases of high speed railway in Turkey are discussed. Finally, its results and future trends are shared for Turkey.
Abstract: Transportation systems are discussed in the parallel to mass transport, intercity and intracity railways and marine lines. Especially in the metropolitan areas; they are vital and the main part of the problems and solutions. Modal integration and high balanced modal distribution are the key issues for metropolitan transportation solutions. These pa...
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Research Article
The Implication of Bus Operators’ Dissatisfaction in Using Public Bus Terminals: A Case of Magufuli Bus Terminal, Dar es Salaam
Laurencia Ndelamo Massawe*,
Prosper Nyaki,
Fahamu Kasavaga
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
6-12
Received:
4 February 2025
Accepted:
25 February 2025
Published:
18 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijtet.20251101.12
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Abstract: Bus terminals are usually built by the authorities to improve access to the means of transportation and integration between bus operators, commuter buses and other modes of transport available. However, due to certain weaknesses, bus operators and passengers are normally not satisfied with the services offered by the terminals. This paper examines sources of dissatisfaction and their implications on the bus terminal service. It is based on data collected from the Magufuli bus terminal in Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania by using observation, interview and focus group discussion. The findings indicate that bus operators and passengers are dissatisfied with the services offered by terminals due to ten setbacks. These include absence of direct connectivity with other modes of transport, a lack of access for special groups, poor accessibility for private transport, limited space for storage of facilities, single transfer of commuter buses, absence of parking spaces, differences in the fare paid to similar destinations, integration between bus operators and commuter buses, and presence of bus operators who do not conform to the agreed principles of handling public transport. As an attempt to get rid of these setbacks and offer better services, the bus operators established their own bus stations on city streets. These privately owned bus stations offer a relatively better transport service compared to those offered in the public bus terminal. Thus, as they are satisfied with the service, passengers abandon the public terminals and use the private bus stations. The public bus terminal management should therefore expand their services, establish supporting terminals in different streets of the cities, adopt alternative technology, attract ride-sharing partnerships, and focus on maintaining quality services to ensure transport accessibility and integration with bus operators, commuters, and other modes of transport.
Abstract: Bus terminals are usually built by the authorities to improve access to the means of transportation and integration between bus operators, commuter buses and other modes of transport available. However, due to certain weaknesses, bus operators and passengers are normally not satisfied with the services offered by the terminals. This paper examines ...
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Research Article
Application of Occasional Movable Free Standing Road Dividers for Traffic Flow Improvement in Dhaka City
Md. Mahbub Alam*,
Md. Moshiur Rahman,
Md. Shafiul Muznobin
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
13-22
Received:
18 December 2024
Accepted:
31 December 2024
Published:
28 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijtet.20251101.13
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Abstract: Dhaka is struggling with intense traffic congestion due to rapid, unplanned development, leading to an imbalance between transport demand and available infrastructure. The traffic woes have extended beyond mere inconvenience, significantly impacting the environment. The city experiences two distinct peak periods of congestion. The first peak arises from the daily movement of office workers, business personnel, and schoolchildren during their commutes, while the second is driven by shoppers heading to and from commercial areas. Traffic studies reveal that during peak hours, congestion is prevalent in all directions, with some routes bearing a heavier load than others. One proposed solution to address this imbalance is the implementation of a movable road divider. This innovative approach would enable a dynamic allocation of road space, directing more capacity to the busier lanes and easing the traffic flow during critical times. The effectiveness of such a system could also extend to holiday seasons, such as Eid and Durga Puja, when the city's traffic patterns undergo significant changes. During these times, outbound traffic from Dhaka surges before the holidays, while inbound traffic increases afterward. By adjusting the road divider to accommodate these shifts, the city could ensure a smoother flow of vehicles, reducing delays and alleviating the strain on its road infrastructure. Adjusting the divider to favor the less congested side during these periods would improve traffic flow by providing more space for the heavier traffic.
Abstract: Dhaka is struggling with intense traffic congestion due to rapid, unplanned development, leading to an imbalance between transport demand and available infrastructure. The traffic woes have extended beyond mere inconvenience, significantly impacting the environment. The city experiences two distinct peak periods of congestion. The first peak arises...
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Research Article
Predicting the Volumetric Mix Design Properties of Pulverized Palm Fibre Reinforced Asphalt Concrete Using Response Surface Methodology
Kelly Erhiferhi Ohwerhi*,
Awajigbana Tugwell Owo,
Chukwuemeka Nwaobakata,
Dennis Budu Eme
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
22-35
Received:
9 March 2025
Accepted:
20 March 2025
Published:
31 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijtet.20251101.14
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Abstract: This study focuses on developing models to predict and optimize the volumetric mix design properties of Pulverized Palm Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Concrete (PPFRAC) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The primary parameters under consideration are the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), voids in the total mixture (VTM), and voids filled with bitumen (VFB). A central composite design was used to formulate the experimental setup, and RSM coefficients were estimated using the least squares algorithm. The models were validated using T-tests and R² statistics, and optimization was performed through MATLAB. The results show that VMA values range from 16.428% to 18.785%, VTM varies from 3.058% to 5.268%, and VFB ranges from 71.956% to 84.129%. These variations align with the Marshall mix design standards for medium-traffic pavements, which recommend VMA values between 14% and 20%, VTM between 3% and 5%, and VFB between 65% and 80%, demonstrating a balanced binder and aggregate mix. The developed RSMs for VMA, VTM, and VFB demonstrated high predictive accuracy with R² values of 80.18%, 78.82%, and 77.72%, respectively. Optimization using MATLAB’s fmincon solver yielded the optimal proportions of sand (33.347%), stone dust (3.479%), bitumen (5.779%), and PPF (0.125%), resulting in a VMA of 17.12%, VTM of 3.47%, and VFB of 81.12%, all of which meet or exceed the Marshall mix design standards. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of RSM in optimizing the volumetric properties of fiber-reinforced asphalt, ensuring a well-balanced mixture that offers durability, strength, and flexibility, making it suitable for medium-traffic conditions.
Abstract: This study focuses on developing models to predict and optimize the volumetric mix design properties of Pulverized Palm Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Concrete (PPFRAC) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The primary parameters under consideration are the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), voids in the total mixture (VTM), and voids filled with bitu...
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Research Article
Mixture Regression Models for Predicting the Water Absorption and Durability of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Treated Soybean Oil - Warm Mix Asphalt Concrete
Kelly Erhiferhi Ohwerhi*,
Adeyemo Olufemi Abiodun,
Chukwuemeka Nwaobakata,
Dennis Budu Eme
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
36-46
Received:
9 March 2025
Accepted:
20 March 2025
Published:
31 March 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijtet.20251101.15
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Abstract: In this study, mixture regression models were developed to predict water absorption, measured by swelling index (SI), and durability, represented by retained stability index (RSI), of warm mix asphalt concrete (WMAC) modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and soybean oil (SO). The experimental design involved partial replacement of bitumen with SBS and SO, while the aggregate composition remained constant. These models were validated using statistical tools, including the Fisher test and R² values, to assess their predictive capability. The SI values, ranging from 0.76% to 1.66%, demonstrated a minimal moisture-induced expansion, indicating low susceptibility to water absorption. Meanwhile, the RSI values, spanning from 66.34% to 94.37%, confirmed that the majority of samples satisfied the AASHTO (2019) standards for moisture resistance, indicating strong durability. The incorporation of SBS significantly enhanced moisture resistance, primarily by improving the binder's elasticity and adhesion properties. Notably, the addition of soybean oil did not detract from moisture resistance; instead, it acted synergistically with SBS to improve both performance and workability. The regression models for SI and RSI accounted for 80.56% and 79.14% of the data variance, respectively, and were validated at a 95% confidence level. These results affirm the robustness and reliability of the models for predicting the behavior of SBS-SO-modified WMAC under medium traffic conditions, offering a valuable tool for future asphalt mixture design and performance prediction.
Abstract: In this study, mixture regression models were developed to predict water absorption, measured by swelling index (SI), and durability, represented by retained stability index (RSI), of warm mix asphalt concrete (WMAC) modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and soybean oil (SO). The experimental design involved partial replacement of bitumen w...
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