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On the Urinary Excretion of a Substance as Predicted from the Substance-to-Creatinine Ratio
Sergio Santana Porbén,
José Reynaldo Salabarría González,
María Del Rosario Liriano Ricabal,
Susana Quiñones Vázquez
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
1-4
Received:
4 December 2018
Accepted:
15 January 2019
Published:
31 January 2019
Abstract: Equations predicting the urinary excretion of a substance of interest have been developed from a deterministic model linking substance-to-creatinine ratio with expected creatinine output for sex and age. Developed predictive equations show ≥ 80% accuracy and ≥ 90% agreement with traditional, established methods recurring to 24 hours urine collections. Clinical usefulness of the predictive equations has been validated in the study of calcium metabolism disorders. Predictive equations can be expanded to accommodate the specific gravity and osmolarity of urine. Predictive equations discussed in this essay have opened new windows in the assessment of kidney function and metabolic disorders. It is expected these predictive equations to secure a higher compliance of kidney assessment tests in children and adolescents.
Abstract: Equations predicting the urinary excretion of a substance of interest have been developed from a deterministic model linking substance-to-creatinine ratio with expected creatinine output for sex and age. Developed predictive equations show ≥ 80% accuracy and ≥ 90% agreement with traditional, established methods recurring to 24 hours urine collectio...
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Determination of the Ankle-brachial Index in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with an Automatic Oscillometric Device
Aurelio Sessa,
Italo Paolini,
Carlo Fedele Marulli,
Antonino Di Guardo,
Gerardo Medea
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
5-8
Received:
19 February 2019
Accepted:
30 March 2019
Published:
18 April 2019
Abstract: An altered ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an indicator of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Usually the measurement of the systolic pressure in both brachial arteries and pedal pulses is performed with a continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. Recently an oscillometric automated device is available to measure ABI. This instrument is a simple to use, fast and accurate method suitable for common use in clinical practice. 701 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended consecutively in office were studied by 24 General Practitioners (GPs). 74 patients had an abnormal ABI (≤ 0.90), 240 a borderline ABI (0-90-0.99) and 7 patients ABI ≥ 1.40. All these patients received a Doppler ultrasound examination and 117 had an asymptomatic PAD. GPs reported that the device was easy to use and that it can be an useful instrument of early diagnosis of PAD in daily practice.
Abstract: An altered ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an indicator of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Usually the measurement of the systolic pressure in both brachial arteries and pedal pulses is performed with a continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. Recently an oscillometric automated device is available to measure ABI. This instrument is a simple to use, fa...
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Hepatitis B and C Surface Antigens and Typhoid Fever in Voluntary Non – Remunerated Blood Donors in Abakaliki, Nigeria
Unah Victor Unah,
Eze Emmanuel Aniebonam,
Lerum Nathaniel Isaiah,
Egbe Kingsley Andrew
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
9-15
Received:
14 February 2019
Accepted:
21 March 2019
Published:
22 April 2019
Abstract: Infections due to Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses (HBV and HCV) are worldwide significant problems in public health. This cross-sectional and comparative study was carried out to evaluate and compare the prevalence of HBV, HCV and typhoid bacteria among voluntary non-remunerated blood donors in Abakaliki, Nigeria. A total of 307 voluntary non-remunerated blood donors were screened using rapid test (Global Rapid Diagnostic Kit, USA) for the detection of HBsAg and anti-HCV in serum samples. The positive samples were screened using ELISA Kit (Clinotech Diagnostics, Canada) to check the specificity of the screening test for HBV and HCV. The results obtained showed that 20(6.52%) and 10(3.26%) were seropositive to HBsAg and anti-HCV respectively. The prevalence of HBsAg and HCV were higher in males 17(5.54%) and 6(1.95%) compared to 3(0.98%) and 4(1.30%) in females respectively. Age specific prevalence of HBV was higher in the age brackets 15-24 and 25-34 years with 4(6.67%), and 14(8.33%), lower in the age bracket 35-44 with 2(2.70%) and lowest in the age bracket 45+ years with 0(0.00%). Age specific prevalence of HCV was higher in the age brackets 25-34 and 35-44 years with 7(4.17%) and 3(4.05%) respectively and lowest in the age brackets 15-24 and 45+ years with no cases at all among them. Statistically, there was no significant relationship between age, HBV and HCV infections (p > 0.05). The most important risk factors in the acquisition of HBsAg as revealed in this study appears to be: those with multiple sexual partners, 12(20.00%), family history of hepatitis, 4(15.39%), blood transfusion 5(9.62%), and tribal mark/tattooing, 2(6.25%) while the most important risk factors in the acquisition of HCV appears to be: family history of hepatitis, 5(19.23%), and blood transfusion 4(7.69%). In comparison, HBV is more prevalent among blood donors in Abakaliki than HCV. Furthermore, this study also reveals that few blood donors have bacteraemia, thus the prevalence of typhoid bacteria among blood donors is very low. The intermediate prevalence of HBV and HCV, and low prevalence of typhoid bacteria recorded among blood donors in this study are probably a reflection of situation in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Therefore, urgent-preventive measures should be taken to set up campaign against transmission of HBV and HCV in Abakaliki, Nigeria. To lower hepatitis prevalence, program of active screening and vaccination for voluntary non-remunerated blood donors is recommended.
Abstract: Infections due to Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses (HBV and HCV) are worldwide significant problems in public health. This cross-sectional and comparative study was carried out to evaluate and compare the prevalence of HBV, HCV and typhoid bacteria among voluntary non-remunerated blood donors in Abakaliki, Nigeria. A total of 307 voluntary non-r...
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Columnar Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic Analystis
Zhang Gang,
Zhao Xing,
Sun Jirui,
Zhang Jinku,
Zhang Jinzhuo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
16-20
Received:
14 October 2018
Accepted:
21 January 2019
Published:
8 May 2019
Abstract: Background: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the Most common thyroid malignancy disease, and it is more common in females. It happened in any age. Mean age at diagnosis is approximately 40 years old. There is history of neck irradiation in 5–10% patients. And non-neoplastic gland may show nuclear aberrations as a result. There is increased incidence in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but not clear whether there is an increased incidence in Graves' disease. Columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is the rare subtype of PTC, which is reportedly about 0.17%. CCV-PTC was reported in 1986 by Evans for the first time. It is different from the typical papillary carcinoma, not only in morphology but also in biological behavior, and is more aggressive than typical papillary carcinoma. Objective: To study the clinical-pathological links and features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (Columnar cell variant) (CCV-PTC). Methods: 4 cases of CCV-PTC from Chengde medical college affiliated hospital were retrospectively analyzed, to observe its clinical features, histological, immunophenotype, and metastasis. And the literature of CCV-PTC were reviewed. Results: Out of the 4 patients, two male patients of 70 and 53 years old, two female patients of 64 and 68 years old. Microscopically, tumor cells arranged in multistage papillary structure, with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, same to gastrointestinal and lung metastatic carcinoma. IHC: Ki-67(5-15%), calcitonin(-), TG(+), ck19(-), TTF-1(+), CgA(-), SyN(-),ck(+/-). Conclusion: CCV-PTC is a special subtype of PTC with a more aggressive biological behavior, particularly among older people, Immunohistochemical method is helpful for the diagnosis.
Abstract: Background: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the Most common thyroid malignancy disease, and it is more common in females. It happened in any age. Mean age at diagnosis is approximately 40 years old. There is history of neck irradiation in 5–10% patients. And non-neoplastic gland may show nuclear aberrations as a result. There is increased inci...
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Healing Rate of Ruminal Incision in Sheep After Single Dose Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy
Qayes Taref Ali,
Ahmed Kadhim Munahi,
Mohammed Mahdi Yaseen,
Raed Gahat Mehjal,
Hassan Al-Karagoly
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
21-26
Received:
21 November 2018
Accepted:
22 December 2018
Published:
11 May 2019
Abstract: To assess the effect of single dose of low level laser therapy on ruminal healing after rumenotomy, twelve male Awassi local sheep weighing (30 ± 5) Kg and aging (10 ± 2) months, the animals were divided randomly into two groups, (treatment and control groups) each group include six rams equally, collection of venous blood for total white blood cells counts (WBCs) before surgery, 24 hours after surgery, one week and two weeks post operation, all animal subjected to a routine procedure of rumenotomy and after suturing the rumen; the treatment group exposed to a single dose of low-level laser therapy has 820 nm, 1000 mw, 10 sec, 16 J/cmsq, 146 Hz pulsing rate per second while the control group had to suture only. The total count of WBCs showed there were elevations in the treatment group when compared with control group in 24hrs after surgery, a week post operation and two weeks post operation. The histopathological examinations revealed that the healing processes in the treatment group were faster and better exhibited the granulation tissue characterized by vertical formation of blood vessels with the site of incision and illuminated that the newly blood vessels contained RBCs and proliferation of fibroblasts enriched with newly formed blood vessels when compared with the control group which appeared with low in rate and type of healing process after ten days post-surgery. We conclude that Single dose of LLLT is considered as a fast, cheap, and effective technique which could increase healing processes and/or defense mechanisms after rumenotomy in sheep.
Abstract: To assess the effect of single dose of low level laser therapy on ruminal healing after rumenotomy, twelve male Awassi local sheep weighing (30 ± 5) Kg and aging (10 ± 2) months, the animals were divided randomly into two groups, (treatment and control groups) each group include six rams equally, collection of venous blood for total white blood cel...
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