Big Data Analytics as Applied to Diabetes Management
Lidong Wang,
Cheryl Ann Alexander
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
29-38
Received:
7 September 2016
Accepted:
7 October 2016
Published:
28 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ejcbs.20160205.11
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Abstract: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects many people in the U.S. Among the most affected include women, older adults, and some ethnicities/racial groups. Data from numerous sources are used to detect DM and determine self-care activities. In the following paper we discuss Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the role of new technologies in diabetes care, diabetes self-management, and Big Data analytics in diabetes management. It was determined by the data in several articles that by using big data we can predict or diagnose diabetes among undiagnosed patients. A wide variety of data can be managed using big data including the Electronic Medical Record (EMR), pharmacy reports, and laboratory reports, among other data. Also there are new mHealth apps that allow the tracking and reporting of data on a secure, wireless connection, through the cloud, etc. Finally, we need to apply the use of big data in future research to determine the significance of our findings.
Abstract: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects many people in the U.S. Among the most affected include women, older adults, and some ethnicities/racial groups. Data from numerous sources are used to detect DM and determine self-care activities. In the following paper we discuss Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the role of new technologies in diabetes care, diabete...
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Formalin Crime in Bangladesh: A Case Study
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
39-44
Received:
22 August 2016
Accepted:
29 October 2016
Published:
21 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ejcbs.20160205.12
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Abstract: Abuses of formalin in foods have become a great concern due to grim health hazard. The aim of this study was to shed light on formalin crime and also the situational analysis of food adulteration in Bangladesh. The primary objective of this paper is highlighting the response of formalin users, community and government about the abuse of formalin in Bangladesh. The secondary objective of this paper is drawing successful strategies to make adulteration free food on the basis of the existing laws and strategies to curb the threading perils arranging healthy and safe life. The study was conducted mainly using data from secondary sources.
Abstract: Abuses of formalin in foods have become a great concern due to grim health hazard. The aim of this study was to shed light on formalin crime and also the situational analysis of food adulteration in Bangladesh. The primary objective of this paper is highlighting the response of formalin users, community and government about the abuse of formalin in...
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Microbial and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of High Vaginal Swab Culture Results in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis of the Western Region of Ghana: Retrospective Study
Verner Ndudiri Orish,
Jones Ofori-Amoah,
Mahama François,
Bruku Kwesi Silverius,
Ebenezer Kofi Mensah
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
45-50
Received:
12 September 2016
Accepted:
1 November 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ejcbs.20160205.13
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Abstract: Vaginal discharge in women is sometimes caused by candida or aerobic bacteria organisms like E. coli, staphylococcus aureus, and β- haemolytic streptococcus. Culture and sensitivity testing are done from high vaginal swab (HVS) specimen collected from women who come to the clinic complaining of vaginal discharge. Isolation and antibiotic sensitivity of these organisms are key to the successful treatment of the cause of vaginal discharge. This study tends to evaluate the microbial and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of high vaginal swab culture results in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis of the Western region of Ghana. This is a 3-year retrospective study conducted in the Public Health laboratory of Effia-Nkwanta Regional Hospital. Records of HVS culture and sensitivity results for 2010-2012 were retrieved and reviewed. A total of 3783 culture and sensitivity results were reviewed. 1483 yielded no growth of pathogenic organisms. Candida species were the predominant microbial organism, 63.2% (1455/2300). Bacteria identified were mostly the aerobic types (845); with Escherichia coli being predominant, 29.9% (235/845), while Morganella morgani was the least bacteria, 0.2% (2/845). Adult women (20-50) had the most pathogens isolated from them, with 79.9% of candida (1047/1455) and 71.2% of the aerobic bacteria (602/845). The least organism isolated was seen in the elderly and children, with 6.3% (92/1455) of candida, 9.7% (82/845) of aerobic bacteria and 6.9% (101/1455) of candida and 8.04% (68/845) of aerobic bacteria respectively. The cephalosporins showed the best antibiotic sensitivity. Candida spp. and aerobic bacteria were the predominant microbial organisms identified from HVS results in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis. Proper laboratory diagnosis to identify causative organisms is vital for optimal therapeutic outcome.
Abstract: Vaginal discharge in women is sometimes caused by candida or aerobic bacteria organisms like E. coli, staphylococcus aureus, and β- haemolytic streptococcus. Culture and sensitivity testing are done from high vaginal swab (HVS) specimen collected from women who come to the clinic complaining of vaginal discharge. Isolation and antibiotic sensitivit...
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Public Health Significance of Aflatoxin in Food Industry – A Review
Alloysius Chibuike Ogodo,
Ositadinma Chinyere Ugbogu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
51-58
Received:
14 September 2016
Accepted:
21 November 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ejcbs.20160205.14
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Abstract: Aflatoxins are a group of related fungal secondary metabolites primarily produced by the fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus colonize a wide variety of food commodities including maize, oilseeds, spices, groundnuts, tree nuts, milk, peanut and dried fruits. However, production of aflatoxin by these fungi depends on drought stress, rainfall, suitability of crop genotype for its climate, insect damage, agricultural practices and postharvest conditions (storage, transportation and food processing). Four major aflatoxins produced naturally are known as aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2. Aflatoxin is both a food safety and public health issue because of its toxicity. When it is consumed, it can exert toxicity by altering intestinal integrity or modulate the expression of cytokins which can result to stunted growth in children and/or immune suppression. In the liver, aflatoxin may be transformed by certain p450 enzyme to its DNA reactive form Aflatoxin-8-9-epoxide which binds to liver proteins and lead to their failure, resulting in acute aflatoxicosis or it may bind to DNA, contributing to aflatoxin induced hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). In high doses, aflatoxin can lead to acute liver cirrhosis and death in both human and animals. Aflatoxin exposure is linked to increased risk of liver cancer, immunesuppression, increased susceptibility to diseases such as HIV and malaria and possible compromised vaccine efficacy. Aflatoxin accumulation can be managed by primary interventions involving improved irrigation, use of fungicides, pesticides and insecticides, use of cereal strains resistant to fungal colonization, biocontrol by introduction of competitive non-aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus and genetically modified crops that inhibit fungal colonization and improved storage conditions. Intervention strategies also encompass chemoprevention, using compounds that interfere with the absorption or metabolism of aflatoxins once ingested.
Abstract: Aflatoxins are a group of related fungal secondary metabolites primarily produced by the fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus colonize a wide variety of food commodities including maize, oilseeds, spices, groundnuts, tree nuts, milk, peanut and dried fruits. However, production of afl...
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