Abstract: Total intra-cranial volume (TIV) of the Igbo population of Nigeria was carried out using stereology technique. A total of 329 adult subjects of Igbo ethnic group with no cranial and brain abnormalities aged between 18 and 87 years were enlisted into the study (males: 193 and females: 136). They were scanned with a helical dual detector (GE Hi-Speed NX/i Series 8.1). Images were obtained with a slice thickness of 3 mm from the base of the skull to the vertex. Employing the Cavalieri’s sections method with point counting, a grid with a separation distance of 2.4cm was superimposed on the sampled image sections to calculate the TIV of each subject. The mean TIV of males and females were 1298.44 ± 90.67 cm3 and 1186.73 ± 79.05 cm3<8sup> respectively. A comparison of the mean TIV from our study and other studies in other populations showed mild to moderate variation in values which probably due to differences geographical location and race. There was significant difference (p< 0.05) in the value of TIV in the Igbo population when compared with some other populations such as Turkey using the same methodology. Total intra-cranial volume estimate can be applied in forensic investigations to differentiate various ethnic nationalities, in addition to clinical assessment in quantitative imaging to assess disease progression.Abstract: Total intra-cranial volume (TIV) of the Igbo population of Nigeria was carried out using stereology technique. A total of 329 adult subjects of Igbo ethnic group with no cranial and brain abnormalities aged between 18 and 87 years were enlisted into the study (males: 193 and females: 136). They were scanned with a helical dual detector (GE Hi-Speed...Show More
Abstract: Radionuclides are found in different media including, soils, air, water, plants, vegetables, and in fruits etc. These radionuclides and their isotopes contaminate the environmentand could cause deleterious effect on human beings when ingested or inhaled. The cocoa plantation is a new plantation developed two years ago in the State for resource management and enhanced cocoa production. In situ measurement of the background ionising radiation was conducted with Radex (1212) radiation survey meterwhich measured background ionising radiation level in micro Seviert per hour. The measured values were converted to annual equivalent dose rate and annual effective dose. The mean background ionizing radiation (BIR) measured was obtained as 0.083µSv/hr and a mean annual BIR of 0.727mSv/yr. The obtained mean annual BIR obtained is lower than the worldwide BIRof 2.4 mSv/yr. The annual equivalent dose rate of radiation obtained in the plantation was ranged between 0.1261 to 0.2067mSv/yr with a mean value of 0.1454 mSv/yr. The mean annual effective dose was 0.1015 mSv/yr and lower than the recommended 1 mSv/yr as a safety limit for the public. Therefore regulatory controls are not necessary for now as this is a new plantation.Abstract: Radionuclides are found in different media including, soils, air, water, plants, vegetables, and in fruits etc. These radionuclides and their isotopes contaminate the environmentand could cause deleterious effect on human beings when ingested or inhaled. The cocoa plantation is a new plantation developed two years ago in the State for resource mana...Show More
