Research Article
Measurement of Effective Radium Content and Radon Exhalation Rates in Soil Samples of Adigrat, Tigrai Region, Ethiopia
Nigus Alene Assefa*,
Tsigabu Hailemariam Gebremariam
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2024
Pages:
21-25
Received:
11 March 2024
Accepted:
26 March 2024
Published:
11 April 2024
Abstract: The predominant source of radiation exposure for the global population is natural radiation, originating from radioactive elements present in the Earth's soil, air, and water. These elements, such as uranium, radium, and radon, have existed since the planet's formation. Prolonged exposure, particularly in specific geographic locations, significantly contributes to radiation risks for populations. Exposure routes include inhaling radon gas, ingesting radioactive substances in food and water, and direct exposure to terrestrial gamma radiation. While natural radiation exposure generally remains within safe limits, certain factors can elevate risks, such as geological formations rich in radioactive minerals or proximity to nuclear facilities. Environmental conditions and geological factors can also influence radiation levels, leading to fluctuations in exposure risks. Monitoring and regulating radiation exposure are crucial to prevent surpassing permissible levels, which can result in health hazards like an increased risk of cancer. Effective management requires ongoing research, stringent regulations, and public awareness efforts to mitigate the risks associated with natural radiation exposure and protect public health. Effective radium content and radon exhalation rates in soil samples collected from Adigrat in Tigrai state of Ethiopia were experimentally measured by ‘‘Sealed Can Technique’’ using LR-115 type II plastic track detectors. The values of effective radium content were found to vary from16.11 Bq/kg to 34.24 Bq/kg with an average value of 25.93 Bq/kg and a standard deviation of 6.10. The mass and surface exhalation rate has been found to vary from 1.61x10-6 Bq kg-1 d-1 to 3.42 x10-6 Bq kg-1 d-1 and 0.81x10-4 Bq m-2 d-1 to 1.71x10-4Bq m-2 d-1, respectively. The radium content in soil in the study area is below the permissible value of 370 Bq/kg as recommended by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Abstract: The predominant source of radiation exposure for the global population is natural radiation, originating from radioactive elements present in the Earth's soil, air, and water. These elements, such as uranium, radium, and radon, have existed since the planet's formation. Prolonged exposure, particularly in specific geographic locations, significantl...
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Research Article
Medical Physics in Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions
Makoye John,
Jesu Arockia Rose Mina*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2024
Pages:
26-36
Received:
29 January 2024
Accepted:
8 February 2024
Published:
14 June 2024
Abstract: Medical physics plays a crucial role in the field of cancer treatment, encompassing various techniques and technologies that aid in diagnosis, treatment planning, and delivery. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough examination of the innovations, challenges, and future directions in medical physics as it pertains to cancer treatment. The review begins by discussing the fundamental principles and concepts of medical physics relevant to cancer treatment. It explores the use of radiation therapy, imaging techniques, and other medical physics technologies that contribute to accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Key advancements in medical physics for cancer treatment are then examined, including the development of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and proton therapy. These innovations have significantly improved treatment precision, reduced side effects, and enhanced patient outcomes. However, along with these advancements come challenges that need to be addressed. The review identifies challenges such as the need for improved radiation dose calculation algorithms, optimization techniques for treatment planning, and quality assurance protocols to ensure patient safety. Additionally, issues related to cost-effectiveness, access to advanced medical physics technologies, and training of medical physicists are discussed. Thus, this comprehensive review underscores the pivotal role of medical physics in cancer treatment. By examining innovations, challenges, and future directions, it provides valuable insights into the advancements that have revolutionized cancer care, the hurdles that need to be overcome, and the potential for further advancements in the field of medical physics. Understanding and addressing these aspects will lead to improved cancer treatment outcomes and enhanced patient care.
Abstract: Medical physics plays a crucial role in the field of cancer treatment, encompassing various techniques and technologies that aid in diagnosis, treatment planning, and delivery. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough examination of the innovations, challenges, and future directions in medical physics as it pertains to cancer treatment....
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