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Avifauna Diversity in Kafa Biosphere Reserve: Knowledge and Perception of Villagers in Southwest Ethiopia
Weldemariam Tesfahunegny,
Tesfu Fekensa,
Getachew Mulualem
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, October 2016
Pages:
7-13
Received:
23 August 2016
Accepted:
31 August 2016
Published:
18 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.11
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Abstract: This study was carried out from 2013 to 2014 in Kafa biosphere reserve, southwest Ethiopia. We investigated and documented population status of bird diversity and the existing local community knowledge, attitude and practice associated with ecological significance to conservation of avian diversity. Point observation method was used to collect data on distribution and diversity of birds. Data were analyzed using descriptive Statistics, Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. Questionnaire surveys were also made to collect qualitative data. A total of 474 birds fit in to 10 orders and 25 families were recorded. There were 398 residents, 56 winter migratory, 15 local migratory and 5 summer migratory birds. Shannon-winner indices of bird diversity for Kafa biosphere reserve, Decha, Chena, Dadiben, Gojeb wetland and Boka were 2.41, 2.71, 2.48, 2.24 and 1.68, while its evenness indices showed that 0.85, 0.94, 0.92, 0.90 and 0.86 respectively. We concluded that species richness, abundance and diversity reach higher values in larger and structurally more heterogeneous forest. Nine (31%) of the locals perceived that, avian conservation has ecological significance, while 20 (68%) were responded, is not essential, being depredators of chickens and crop pests. conservation of birds and its habitat should be integrated with the knowledge and practice of locals to establish participatory avian conservation.
Abstract: This study was carried out from 2013 to 2014 in Kafa biosphere reserve, southwest Ethiopia. We investigated and documented population status of bird diversity and the existing local community knowledge, attitude and practice associated with ecological significance to conservation of avian diversity. Point observation method was used to collect data...
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Tree Species Composition of Kakum Conservation Area in Ghana
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, October 2016
Pages:
14-22
Received:
22 August 2016
Accepted:
31 August 2016
Published:
21 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.12
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Abstract: Vegetation assessment was carried out in a rainforest to document tree species composition and vegetation dynamics after logging operation. The study took place at Kakum Conservation Area, Ghana. Satellite images for logging period and after logging were acquired, processed and analysed. Trees in quadrats that were systematically distributed on transects were enumerated. Comparatively, the open canopy area had reduced while the closed canopy area had increased in size inside the forest. The farm areas at the peripheries had increased while those in the reserve area had been eradicated. In total 1,064 individual trees comprising 97 different species were enumerated. Tree species such as Carapa procera, Celtis mildbraedii, Diospyros sanza-minika, Aulacocalyx jasminflora and Dacryodes klaineana were relatively dense representing about 2% to 9% of the species present in the forest. The following species were examples of trees with higher relative dominance: Celtis mildbraedii (10%), Trichilia prieuriana (5%), Tabernaemontana africana (9%) and Panda oleosa (7%). The diversity of all trees was 3.9 (Shannon). The general conclusion is that the implementation of conservation rules has enhanced regeneration of many tree species. It is recommended that forest areas under convalescence must be put under strict conservation.
Abstract: Vegetation assessment was carried out in a rainforest to document tree species composition and vegetation dynamics after logging operation. The study took place at Kakum Conservation Area, Ghana. Satellite images for logging period and after logging were acquired, processed and analysed. Trees in quadrats that were systematically distributed on tra...
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Evolutionary Relationship of Genomic Insulin Sequence in Different Mammalian Species: A Computational Approach
M. A Hashem,
Neena Islam,
Md. Moinul Abedin Shuvo,
Md. Arifuzzaman
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, October 2016
Pages:
23-28
Received:
17 August 2016
Accepted:
5 September 2016
Published:
22 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.13
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Abstract: Genomic insulin is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 in human genome. It is a well studied polypeptide hormone, consists of 110 amino acids which start with signaling peptide of 1-24 amino acids, B-chain of 25-54 amino acids, C-peptide of 55-89 amino acids and end with A-chain of 90-110 amino acids. Insulin, produced by the beta cell of the pancreas in response to glucose stimuli, binds to its receptor rapidly due to receptor autophosphorylation and primordially regulates nutritional metabolic pathways. In this study we have depicted and explored evolutionary conservation rate, insight into structure and phylogenetic connection of insulin molecule among eight mammalian species; Homo sapiens (Human), Bos taurus (Cattle), Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig), Canis lupus familiaris (Dog), Gorilla gorilla (Western gorilla), Ovis aries (Sheep), Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee), Pongo pygmaeus (Orangutan) using Computational Biology. The analysis of physico-chemical characteristics, secondary and 3-D structure prediction of insulin in different species identified phylogenetically most related species. The major findings are that genomic insulin from Human and Dog has a lowest genetic distance of 0.13 of the mammalian species studied. Human and Guinea pig has the next lowest genetic distance of 0.39 and 69.1% identical at the amino acid level. Whereas Human and Western gorilla has genetic distances of 0.00 and 100% identical at the amino acid level and share a common node on the phylogenetic tree. Physico-chemical study also shows that these sequences show high leucine content (18.2%) with high instability index (>40) except Sheep and Cattle has low leucine and instability index (<40). The sequence analysis among species has allowed us to know the manner in which the insulin has evolved over million–year period. This study result provides rapid comprehensive information to calculate the amino acid sequences in relations to evolutionary conservation rates as well as molecular phylogenetics.
Abstract: Genomic insulin is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 in human genome. It is a well studied polypeptide hormone, consists of 110 amino acids which start with signaling peptide of 1-24 amino acids, B-chain of 25-54 amino acids, C-peptide of 55-89 amino acids and end with A-chain of 90-110 amino acids. Insulin, produced by the beta cell of the...
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The Effect of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora: Lobata) on the Population Density and Species Composition of Mesoplankton in Inshore Waters of the Caspian Sea
Aboulghasem Roohi,
Mozhgan Rowshantabari,
Mehdi Naderi Jolodar,
Seyedeh Ameneh Sajjadi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, October 2016
Pages:
29-34
Received:
28 August 2016
Accepted:
10 September 2016
Published:
29 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.14
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Abstract: This paper examined the qualitative and quantitative of food composition of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, as well as its feeding intensity and predatory impact on selected mesoplankton species in the inshore waters of the southern Caspian Sea. The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi initially increased during 2001-2002 with the abundance and biomass of 381-480 ind.m-3 and 15.1-27.7 g.m-3, respectively, and during recent years (2012-2013) its population and biomass reached at a low level with an average of 5-46 ind.m-3 and 0.6-4.0 g.m-3. The highest summer–autumn average of M. leidyi abundance was observed in 2002 with 1338 ± 334 ind.m-3 and the maximum biomass in 2001 with 77.5±19.4 g.m-3. Over the years, 2003-2012, M. leidyi population did not reach to its initial value and the mean range of abundance and biomass 5-25 ind.m-3 and 0.6-19.2 g.m-3. Interannual and interspecies differences in the intensity of predatory impact on zooplankton were found. Copepod nauplii of Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa, the cladocerans Podon (Pleopsis) polyphemoides, experienced the highest pressure from ctenophore predation. Zooplankton species composition showed there were 36 species before the M. leidyi introduction, while now days it is 12 species. Food spectra of M. leidyi consisted of zooplankton in which the copepods were the main in the southern Caspian Sea. The mass development of M. leidyi defines the qualitative and quantitative composition of zooplankton community through the control of abundance of copepod and cladoceran nauplii, which, in turn, results in changes in the trophic structure of the whole food chain.
Abstract: This paper examined the qualitative and quantitative of food composition of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, as well as its feeding intensity and predatory impact on selected mesoplankton species in the inshore waters of the southern Caspian Sea. The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi initially increased during 2001-2002 with the abundance and biomass o...
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An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal
Kripa Ram Mehta,
Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, October 2016
Pages:
35-40
Received:
11 September 2016
Accepted:
23 September 2016
Published:
11 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15
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Abstract: Bagmati is the most important river of the Kathmandu valley. It is the symbol of civilization and watched sacred in Hindu religion. An assessment were done in 2012-2013 in five sites of Bagmati in Kathmandu valley which revealed that the river is totally polluted with bacteria, aquatic flora and fauna and with sewage. The main tributary of the river system, Bagmati has been destroyed by pollution, the water is black and poisonous, crawling with flies and contaminated with sewage. In absence of proper plans the river’s environment is under intense degradation for last couple of decades. The degradation thus depicts the degradation of the civilization within the river valley. Thus there is an urgent to address the river for its longer life both by public and government.
Abstract: Bagmati is the most important river of the Kathmandu valley. It is the symbol of civilization and watched sacred in Hindu religion. An assessment were done in 2012-2013 in five sites of Bagmati in Kathmandu valley which revealed that the river is totally polluted with bacteria, aquatic flora and fauna and with sewage. The main tributary of the rive...
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