Profitability of Investment in Fish Farming Enterprise in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria
Oke Joel Taiwo Oluseye,
Kehinde Ayodeji Damilola
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
28-32
Received:
29 January 2019
Accepted:
7 March 2019
Published:
20 October 2019
Abstract: This paper investigated profitability of investment in fish farming enterprise in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Specifically, it described the socio-economic characteristics of fish farmers in the study area, examined the cost and return to fish farming enterprise and determined the factors that affect investment in fish farming enterprise in the study area. The study was conducted in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for this study. A total number of 120 fish farmers were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and multiple regression model. The results for the entire respondents showed average values of 46 and 10 years for age and years of experience, respectively. Majority of respondents were married (85%), male (93%) and educated (88%). The estimated costs and return to fish farming enterprise on the average in the study area were N 749,661 and N 615,761 per annum whereas the total revenue on the average was N1715, 512, while average total cost was ₦ 1,099,751. The benefit cost ratio and rate of return analysis were 1.23 and 0.35, respectively. Cost of feeding, cost of constructing pond, cost of labour, years of farming experience, household size, and cost of lime and fertilizer negatively and significantly (p<0.1) affect the investment in fish farming enterprise while profit expectation positively affects the investment in fish farming enterprise. Following the findings of the study, the government and non-governmental agencies should provide fish farmers with adequate access to credit facilities. Also, inputs should be made available to the fish farmers at the right time, quantity, quality and at subsidized prices.
Abstract: This paper investigated profitability of investment in fish farming enterprise in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Specifically, it described the socio-economic characteristics of fish farmers in the study area, examined the cost and return to fish farming enterprise and determined the factors that affect investment in fish farming enterprise...
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Monitoring the Activity of Feed Enzymes in Vitro and Their Activity in the System that Modulates the GIT
Valeriy Sergeevich Kryukov,
Ilona Vyacheslavovna Glebova,
Sergej Vladimirovich Zinoviev
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
33-38
Received:
26 June 2019
Accepted:
12 September 2019
Published:
23 October 2019
Abstract: 24 feed enzyme endo-1,4-glucanase (glucanase) and endo-1,4-xylanase (xylanase) have been described. Their activity was studied under in vitro conditions simulating the gastrointestinal tract of the poultry. A decrease in the temperature of the medium from 50°C to 38°C reduced the activity of all enzymes. Fekord 2004-S, Agrocell Plus, Agrocell, Rovabio max AP, Xibeten-Gel, Axtra XAP 101 TPT, Endofeed DC at pH 3, 38°C retained the highest initial xylanase activity: 81, 80, 70, 70, 67, 67, 65% respectively. The minimum stability at pH 3 was established for Sunzyme, Hostazym С-100, Ronozyme VP, Natugrain TS and Ronozyme WX: 46, 44, 42, 40, and 38%, respectively. At pH 7, 38°C it was better activity than the average for all preparations showed С Axtra XAP 101 TPT, Fekord-2004-C, Econase XT-25, Agrocell: 52, 47, 47, 45%; minimal activity was shown by Rovabio Exel AR, Cellulase, Cellolux F, Sunzaim: 4, 5, 7, and 8%, respectively. An outstanding high activity of cellulаse at pH 3, 38°C was found in Fekord 2004-C - 90%, above the average value it was in Econase XT 25, Acra XB 201 TPT, Agroxil Plus and Vilzim: 63, 62, 60 and 58%. The minimum activity at pH 3, 38°С was found in Rovabio Exel, Rovabio Max AR, Cellolux F and Xybeten-Cel: 20, 23, 23 and 25%. At pH 7, 38°С, the maximum activity of most enzymes remained within 30%, excluding Hostazym S-100 - 52%. The minimum glucanase activity at pH 7 was shown by Rovabio Max AP - 4%, Xybeten-Cel - 5%, Endofeed DC - 6%, and Rovabio Exel AP -6%. The average activity of cellulase for all studied enzymes was 19.1% of that determined at pH 5, and 50C. Under all experimental conditions, the activity of xylanases of the studied enzymes was mainly better than glucanases. This indicates greater cellulases stability. It has been substantiated that the activity indicated by the manufacturer serves only for labeling the product and does not reflect its action in the body. Used matrix values of enzymes are intended for commercial purposes and weakly reflect the real effect of enzyme.
Abstract: 24 feed enzyme endo-1,4-glucanase (glucanase) and endo-1,4-xylanase (xylanase) have been described. Their activity was studied under in vitro conditions simulating the gastrointestinal tract of the poultry. A decrease in the temperature of the medium from 50°C to 38°C reduced the activity of all enzymes. Fekord 2004-S, Agrocell Plus, Agrocell, Rova...
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Assessment of the Erosion Stability of Slopes in Terms of Digression and the Degree of Overgrowth
Dmitriy Mashtakov,
Alexey Avtonomov
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
39-44
Received:
30 March 2019
Accepted:
28 May 2019
Published:
25 October 2019
Abstract: Agroecological systems of slopes experience stress due to constant dynamic movements, especially on the slopes of high steepness. We have formulated the idea of critical levels in the dynamic process of slope agroecological systems, which is subsequently considered as an indicator of sustainability. When analyzing the dynamic processes on the slopes, we identified the digression of the slope surface under the influence of erosion processes as a critical one. The object of research is the erosion slopes of ravines and gullies in the forest-steppe conditions of the Volga upland. The purpose of the study is to develop parameters for assessing the stability of erosion slopes based on the results of research and analysis of literature sources. Results and discussion. It is proposed to refer to the dynamics changes not only in species composition, but also changes in the degree of degradation in terms of overgrowth of slope areas, allowing to establish the processes of secondary succession as the destruction of the slope surface. According to our concept the changes of species diversity on the erosion slopes may be accompanied by the appearance of alien plants in consequence of the stability, biological diversity and protective functions of the protective forest plantations loss. The number of species may increase, but the erosion slope gradually loses its stability. Quantitative assessment of the degree of overgrowth in terms of undergrowth and their qualitative characteristics give an idea of compliance of the forest conditions on the slope with environmental requirements for self-seeding tree species. It is found that the number of self-seeding on the slopes with increasing stage of digression naturally decreases. The number of self-seeding, compared with seedlings, 2-4 times less, regardless of the degree of digression of the slope. On the control and on the site of stage I of digression, the number of shoots of self-seeding clearly differ, which affects the incidence rate. In other areas, the occurrence is 53 -100%, which confirms the uneven of overgrowing of the slope area.
Abstract: Agroecological systems of slopes experience stress due to constant dynamic movements, especially on the slopes of high steepness. We have formulated the idea of critical levels in the dynamic process of slope agroecological systems, which is subsequently considered as an indicator of sustainability. When analyzing the dynamic processes on the slope...
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