Abstract: The Caspian Kutum Rutilus kutum natural reproduction by shale technique in Nesarud and Kazemrud Rivers (Mazandaran province, Iran) was conducted in March 2017. A total of 353 and 865 spawners of male and female with the sex ratio of 5.1 to 1 were reintroduced to the rivers, respectively. The macrobenthic and fishes were sampled in three stations set downstream and upstream of shale cites monthly. In a review of two rivers, 8,000 macrobenthic were collected belonging to Oligochaeta, Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. Biological indices (EPT and EPT / CHIR) showed the status of water quality in Kazemrud River was better than Nesarud and the water quality declined from upstream to downstream of the rivers. Hilsenhoff biological index (HFBI) showed the Nesarud River water quality was relatively as poor classes quality and in the upstream and downstream of the Kazemrud shale was appropriate. The number of Rutilus kutum larvae hatched in the Nesarud and Kazemrud rivers were 2000000 and 4200000 individuals larvae, respectively and the number of juveniles in the were 1100000 and 1300000 individuals.Abstract: The Caspian Kutum Rutilus kutum natural reproduction by shale technique in Nesarud and Kazemrud Rivers (Mazandaran province, Iran) was conducted in March 2017. A total of 353 and 865 spawners of male and female with the sex ratio of 5.1 to 1 were reintroduced to the rivers, respectively. The macrobenthic and fishes were sampled in three stations se...Show More
Abstract: The behavioural ecology of the Bearded Reedling Panurus biarmicus in wild using data available from mist-netting has received little attention. One of such aspects is to evaluate if flock composition and structure vary among reed successional stages and facilities dispersal among near wetlands in small and semi-isolated populations by analysing mist-netting capture events. This study shows that mist-netting events comprised catches of solitary birds or small groups in samples from small to moderate size. Overall mean frequency of each flock result in a population of low aggregation at low densities and being lower than reported from bigger central Spanish populations. A majority of birds of these flocks are "transients", characterized by have shorter wing lengths and smaller body masses compared to "residents", which attain higher body masses and longer wing lengths. Residents have the ability to settle in unmanaged sparse habitats in the periphery of the wetlands and the possibility to undertake longer flights outside wetlands is greater due to a higher condition and performance. Since a high overnight mass loss of birds has been verified in this study, I hypothesize that Bearded Reedlings move in short-times elapsed from sunset (before arriving at the roosts) to sunrise, so earlier surveys carried out in wetlands might give inadequate results to monitoring Bearded Reedling’s populations, demanding alternative methods to survey them properly. Due to the occurrence of such residents, the importance of saltmarshes with reed sparse-patches in the periphery of wetlands results in a key factor for the dispersal of this species.Abstract: The behavioural ecology of the Bearded Reedling Panurus biarmicus in wild using data available from mist-netting has received little attention. One of such aspects is to evaluate if flock composition and structure vary among reed successional stages and facilities dispersal among near wetlands in small and semi-isolated populations by analysing mis...Show More
