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Estimation of Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation Coefficients and Path Analysis of Yield and Yield Contributing Traits of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes
Alemu Dabi,
Firew Mekbib,
Tadesse Desalegn
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
145-154
Received:
1 August 2016
Accepted:
13 August 2016
Published:
2 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.11
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Abstract: Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested to assess the association among yield and yield contributing traits and determining the direct and indirect effect of the traits on the grain yield. The genotypes were grown in alpha-lattice design at Tongo sub-center of Assosa Agricultural Research Center and Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in 2015. Grain yield showed significant (p≤0.01) positive phenotypic correlations with thousand kernels weight, above ground biomass, harvest index, hectoliter weight and plant height at each location except for kernels per spike at Tongo and days to maturity at Kulumsa. Similarly, grain yield showed significant (p≤0.01) positive genotypic correlations with 1000 kernel weight, above ground biomass, harvest index,, hectoliter weight and plant height at Tongo and only with above ground biomass and harvest index at Kulumsa. Likewise, significant (p≤0.01) positive and negative phenotypic and genotypic correlations between the yield components were observed at each location. As per the path analysis above ground biomass and harvest index showed high positive phenotypic direct effect on grain yield at each location whereas low positive phenotypic direct effect observed for characters plant height and number of kernel per spike at Tongo and hectoliter weight at Kulumsa. Similarly, at genotypic level above ground biomass and harvest index showed highly significant direct effect on the grain yield at each location. Generally, it has been observed the presence of relationships in the tested traits of the genotypes studied. Hence, Selection and hybridization on those genotypes based on the trait with high positive correlation coefficient and direct effect on grain yield can be recommended for farther yield improvement of bread wheat at respective location.
Abstract: Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested to assess the association among yield and yield contributing traits and determining the direct and indirect effect of the traits on the grain yield. The genotypes were grown in alpha-lattice design at Tongo sub-center of Assosa Agricultural Research Center and Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in 2015. Gr...
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Estimating Willingness to Pay for Labeobarbus Fish Species Conservation in Lake Tana, Ethiopia: A Contingent Valuation Study
Berhan Asmamaw,
Birhanu Beyene,
Misikire Tessema,
Afework Kara,
Biniam Goshu,
Abraham Assefa
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
155-161
Received:
16 August 2016
Accepted:
24 August 2016
Published:
10 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.12
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Abstract: This study employed Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to assess the willingness to pay (WTP) by labor of beneficiaries of lake Tana, Ethiopia for the conservation activities of labeobarbus fish species. The WTP was conducted among 357 beneficiaries of the lake in 11 kebeles (districts). The data revealed that 96.9% of the respondents are willing to pay for the conservation activities of labeobarbus fish species by labor work. The mean WTP in working days is estimated at 48.48 labor days per year per household in the four weredas/districts studied, which is equivalent to 4,422,792.4 USD per year. Respondents WTP is significantly influenced by age, sex, economic activity respondents involved in, and the level of understanding of the respondents about future generation without labeobarbus fish species. A full scale campaign on education and environmental conservation activities will help improving the attitudes of the respondents, and if programs can be designed and implemented accordingly, it will help to alleviate the problem of loss (decreasing number) of labeobarbus species flock in lake Tana.
Abstract: This study employed Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to assess the willingness to pay (WTP) by labor of beneficiaries of lake Tana, Ethiopia for the conservation activities of labeobarbus fish species. The WTP was conducted among 357 beneficiaries of the lake in 11 kebeles (districts). The data revealed that 96.9% of the respondents are willing to...
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Surveying Illegal Access to Genetic Resources: A Case Study in Borena Zone, Southern, Ethiopia
Edeget Merawi,
Ashenafi Ayenew,
Fikremariam Ghion
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
162-170
Received:
3 August 2016
Accepted:
23 August 2016
Published:
21 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.13
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Abstract: One of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) target to realize the mission of reducing pressures on biodiversity is “reduction of unsustainable utilization of biodiversity and ecosystem services”. Thus ultimately tackles and controls illicit movement of genetic resources of the country. Therefore, the objective of this study is to survey the current status, routes, impact, means, involved actors and management of illicit access to genetic resources particularly in Oromiya Regional State, Borena Zone. Data were collected from a total of 120 informants selected purposively from Moyalle District, Yabello District and Borena Zone governmental offices. Semi structured interviews, structured questioners; focus group discussion and document analysis were used for data collection. 75.6% of the informants reported that genetic resources are illicitly transferred from Ethiopia to Kenya followed by both Kenya and Somalia (14.3%) informants and 68% of the informants reported that genetic resources are illegally imported from Kenya followed by both Kenya and Somalia reported by (12.3%) of the informants. Merchants were the responsible actors involved (41.6%) in the illegal access to genetic resources followed by transboundary travelers (8.4%). 26.9% of the respondents reported that plants, animals and their derivatives have been illegally transferred to neighboring countries and (16.8%) of them said that animals have been illegally transferred to neighboring countries. 43.7% of the informants stated that the overall multiple impact and trend of illegal access to genetic resources in the future would become high and increased sharply respectively and 42.9% of them said that the current status and trend of illegal access to genetic resources would be intermediate and constant trend respectively. The result revealed that considerable amount of genetic resources around Borena Zone has been subjected to piracy, which will have a probability of intermediate continual impact in the countries biodiversity in the future if appropriate measures are not taken. Therefore, border checkpoints should be strengthens in human capacity and facilities to monitor whether Prior Informed Consent (PIC), Mutual Agreed Term (MAT), Multilateral System and other legal requirements of a particular permit are fulfilled and to undertake technical control. Besides, authoritative and concerned governmental Institution of the three countries (Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia) should work cooperatively to curve out the ecological and economical effects of illegal access to genetic resources by developing and implementing further proper controlling intervention techniques.
Abstract: One of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) target to realize the mission of reducing pressures on biodiversity is “reduction of unsustainable utilization of biodiversity and ecosystem services”. Thus ultimately tackles and controls illicit movement of genetic resources of the country. Therefore, the objective of this study is...
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Density and Diversity of Insects That Visit Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Plants in the Flowering and Fruiting Periods in Northern Ghana
Floerence S. Kuukyi,
Edward D. Wiafe
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
171-178
Received:
22 August 2016
Accepted:
3 September 2016
Published:
11 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.14
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Abstract: Field survey was conducted in ten farms in Northern Region from December 2014 to April 2015 to collect, identify and access the insects distribution on the cashew farms close to natural forest and agricultural farm land, during the flowering and the fruiting periods of cashew. The sample farms were divided into four plots measuring 20 m x 25 m. Insects found on the cashew plants during the flowering and fruiting periods were identified, counted and unidentified insects were killed in killing jars and preserved in 70% alcohol for further identification. The following were the insects encountered in both farms during the flowering period: Total insects 6161, mean 1232.2 (SD = 250.7, N = 40). Density was 6161/ha and diversity was 3.34. Total insect 2745, mean 549 (SD = 103.2, N = 40). Density was 2745/ha and diversity was 3.56. During the fruiting period, the following insects were also enumerated in both farms: Total 4665, mean 933 (SD = 143.5, N = 40). Density was 4665/ha and diversity of 3.13. Total 2056, mean 411.2 (SD = 52.1, N = 40). Density was 2056/ha and diversity was also 3.14. Density in both farms during the flowering period were more than the fruiting period in both farms, however insect diversity was more during the fruiting period than the flowering period. Further studies should be conducted on an all year round survey to identify residence insects from insects that visit cashew during flowering and fruiting period, integrated pest management strategies and integration of insect conservation into the national biodiversity conservation policy were also recommended.
Abstract: Field survey was conducted in ten farms in Northern Region from December 2014 to April 2015 to collect, identify and access the insects distribution on the cashew farms close to natural forest and agricultural farm land, during the flowering and the fruiting periods of cashew. The sample farms were divided into four plots measuring 20 m x 25 m. Ins...
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Exploring Conservation Management in an Oil-palm Concession
Erik Meijaard,
Nardiyono,
Hendriyana Rahman,
Simon Husson,
Karmele L. Sanchez,
Gail Campbell-Smith
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
179-187
Received:
9 October 2016
Accepted:
19 October 2016
Published:
7 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.15
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Abstract: Tropical oil-palm plantations are considered a major threat to threatened wildlife, including the Critically Endangered Bornean Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus. We review the management intervention of one oil-palm company in Indonesian Borneo that developed a plantation in an area with a wild orangutan population. Through setting aside and effectively protecting natural forest areas, the company now protects a population of ca. 150 orangutans. Further and improved management is needed to increase the likelihood that this population can survive in the long term. This specifically requires retaining connectivity to other orangutan habitats around the plantation through landscape-level, multi-stakeholder planning and improved protection of remaining habitats. We conclude that through its oil-palm development the company has had a negative impact on the local orangutan population, although this needs to be weighed against the counterfactual of what would have happened to the forests had no oil-palm been developed. Lessons learned from this case study provide important insights into how orangutans and their habitats could be protected in the kind of multi-functional landscapes in which some 70% of all remaining orangutans occur.
Abstract: Tropical oil-palm plantations are considered a major threat to threatened wildlife, including the Critically Endangered Bornean Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus. We review the management intervention of one oil-palm company in Indonesian Borneo that developed a plantation in an area with a wild orangutan population. Through setting aside and effectively pr...
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Mixed Effect of Provenance and Stand Age on the Germination of Teak (Tectona grandis) Seeds in Ghana
Frederick Gyasi Damptey,
Osei Richard,
Kwabena Adu Bonnah
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
188-194
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
14 November 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnrem.20160104.16
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Abstract: Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations developers in Ghana have difficulty in selecting teak seeds from ecological sources and maternal ages that could guarantee optimum germination rates. To fill this knowledge gaps and contribute knowledge on germination characteristics of teak seeds in Ghana, we studied the effects of age of the maternal tree, the ecological zone of the mother tree, and the combination of the two on germination rates of teak seeds. We collected teak seeds from 10, 15, and 20-year-old healthy teak stands in the Savannah Zone (SZ), Transitional Zone (TZ), and the High Forest Zone (HFZ) of Ghana for this study. Fifty seeds from each maternal age for each ecological source were pretreated and sown in nine replicates using a completely randomized design in a factorial experiment with 2-factor treatment combination (age and ecological source). Our findings show that germination rate of seeds from the three maternal ages in the SZ was not different. The SZ also recorded the lowest overall germination rate among the three ecological zones studied. In the TZ, germination rate was not different between 10 years (47.33%) and 15 years (45.33%) maternal stands but both were significantly (p<0.01) higher than 20 years old (34.22%) maternal stands. The TZ recorded intermediate overall germination rates, which are higher than SZ but lower than HFZ. Germination rate was not different between 15 years old (88.00%) and 20 years old (94.44%) in the HFZ but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than 10 years old (41.56%). Moreover, the HFZ recorded the highest overall germination rate among the three ecological zones studied. Our findings further show that seed source (ecological zone), the age of the maternal teak tree, and the interaction of both, have significant (p<0.01) effects on germination rate of teak seeds. More importantly, the effects of age of maternal tree on germination rate was found to be dependent on the ecological zone in which it is located as same maternal age trees recorded different germination rates in different ecological zones. Interaction plot of age and the ecological zone of maternal teak plant produced the highest germination rate at the combination of HFZ with 15 and 20-year-old teak stands. We recommend that teak plantation developers in Ghana select teak seeds from 15 years and above in the High Forest Zone for optimum germination rates.
Abstract: Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations developers in Ghana have difficulty in selecting teak seeds from ecological sources and maternal ages that could guarantee optimum germination rates. To fill this knowledge gaps and contribute knowledge on germination characteristics of teak seeds in Ghana, we studied the effects of age of the maternal tree,...
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