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An Investigation of Economic Empowerment on Savings: A Case of Women Retailers at the Nakuru County, Kenya
Teresia Atieno Dima,
Richard Akuno Nyang’aya
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
657-667
Received:
25 October 2015
Accepted:
3 November 2015
Published:
5 December 2015
Abstract: It is important to save because it significantly influences a person’s financial well-being and economic development. Despite its importance, most women farm produce retailers in Nakuru main market do not save. Literature reveals that women’s ability to save is affected by their financial empowerment among other factors (Mayoux & Hartl, 2009). This study investigated the effect of economic empowerment on the savings of women farm produce retailers in Nakuru main market. The study conceptualized that economic empowerment of women affects their level of saving from their business. Age, level of education, marital status and household size were considered to be the moderating factors. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A sample of 65 women selected using stratified, proportionate to size and simple random sampling techniques took part in the study. Data was collected using the women farm produce retailers’ questionnaire. Experts from the Department of Accounting, Finance and Management Science, Egerton University examined the face and content validity of the instrument. The reliability of the questionnaire was pilot tested using a sample of 15 women retailers drawn from Shabaab municipal market and the Cronbach alpha method. The data collection tool yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.865. The data was analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance using the Pearson’s Correlations, multiple regression and hierarchical regression. The results of the study showed that the independent variables effect on savings was 17.7%, the moderator variables accounted for 4.6% variation on savings. When the independent variables were added to the equation there was an improvement in R2 from 0.046 to 0.241. The inclusion of the independent variables in the analysis led to 0.195 change in R2. The governments/NGOs interventions were however not significantly related to savings. The combined effect indicates that there are other factors that affect women’s’ savings whose broader inclusion and further studies could help reveal.
Abstract: It is important to save because it significantly influences a person’s financial well-being and economic development. Despite its importance, most women farm produce retailers in Nakuru main market do not save. Literature reveals that women’s ability to save is affected by their financial empowerment among other factors (Mayoux & Hartl, 2009). This...
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Four Major Bottlenecks in Cross-Border Electricity Suppliers Need to Be Resolved
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
668-671
Received:
20 December 2015
Published:
30 December 2015
Abstract: The article through a large number of cross-border electricity suppliers data and analysis, through cooperation with Alibaba and Astor cross-border electricity suppliers, deeply felt the current development of cross-border electricity suppliers, four major bottlenecks to be solved. For cross-border business, data and the prospects although very beautiful, but deep inside engaged in this industry will quickly find, practitioners can truly benefit from these data in a molecule, there does not seem to be so simple as it looks, cross-border explosive growth of online shopping, the international trade, cross-border logistics transportation, warehousing, distribution, cross-border settlement service, this paper puts forward a very severe test, and subsequent after-sales, returned goods, cross-border credit, risk and highlighted gradually, become the bottleneck problem of cross-border business development. To make cross-border electricity suppliers industry healthy and stable development, the need to address the four major bottlenecks and related problems.
Abstract: The article through a large number of cross-border electricity suppliers data and analysis, through cooperation with Alibaba and Astor cross-border electricity suppliers, deeply felt the current development of cross-border electricity suppliers, four major bottlenecks to be solved. For cross-border business, data and the prospects although very bea...
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Macroeconomic Effects of HIV/AIDS: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Danjuma Maijama’a,
Shamzaeffa Samsudin,
Shazida Jan Mohd Khan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
672-677
Received:
16 December 2015
Accepted:
25 December 2015
Published:
4 January 2016
Abstract: Since its appearance over three decades ago, HIV/AIDS has become global pandemic and remain the most shocking disease humankind has ever faced. It causes more death than any other disease in sub–Saharan Africa (SSA) and worldwide, it is the fourth killer disease. The epidemic now is a major threat to macroeconomic growth and development, infecting people at their most productive age (15-49 years), and imposing hardship on households, communities, firms and eventually national economies. Considering the widely spread HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in SSA, a number of studies investigated the macroeconomic consequences of the epidemic, focusing mainly on per capita GDP or GDP growth rate as a measure of economic performance, with comparatively no or little research on GDP per person employ. In addition to dearth of research on the effect of health expenditure in reversing the epidemic, previous studies have failed to take the lag effect of the HIV/AIDS in to consideration in their estimation process. The association between HIV/AIDS and the macroeconomy is complex, with several studies reporting mix and conflicting results. This review aims to systematically synthesised research evidence on the effects of the epidemic on aggregate labour productivity, and assess whether health expenditure is effective in reversing the HIV/AIDS.
Abstract: Since its appearance over three decades ago, HIV/AIDS has become global pandemic and remain the most shocking disease humankind has ever faced. It causes more death than any other disease in sub–Saharan Africa (SSA) and worldwide, it is the fourth killer disease. The epidemic now is a major threat to macroeconomic growth and development, infecting ...
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Reverse Logistics Practices and Their Effect on Competitiveness of Food Manufacturing Firms in Kenya
Mwaura Anne,
Letting Nicholas,
Ithinji Gicuru,
Orwa Bula
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
678-684
Received:
15 December 2015
Accepted:
25 December 2015
Published:
8 January 2016
Abstract: Increased global warming and environmental degradation, has caused concern for governments, societies and business organizations even in Kenya. Kenya’s, manufacturing industry is one of the main contributors to economic growth. Unfortunately, it has also caused environmental deterioration. Consequently business managers have increasingly begun to realize the need to be environmentally accountable for their activities. Reverse logistics is a green supply chain management practice that enables companies to manage wastes and improve their competitiveness as their environmental efficiency is enhanced. This research aims to examine the relationship between reverse logistics and competitiveness of food manufacturing firms in Kenya. To fully understand this issue the research investigates the reverse logistics practices adopted by the various companies and then examines whether these practices have any effect on firm competitiveness of food manufacturers in Kenya. A cross- sectional survey was conducted among 130 food manufacturing firms that are listed in the Kenya Association of Manufacturers directory. The response rate was 73.8%. Primary data was collected through questionnaires. Factor analysis was used examine the construct validity while multivariate liner regression was employed to test criterion validity. The results of this research indicated that, the adoption of reverse logistics practices would enhance the competitiveness of Kenya’s food manufacturing firms. Further this study found that due to lack of awareness on the importance of sustainability, there is a low level of adoption of reverse logistics practices in Kenya. This study recommends that organizational managers should appreciate the environmental issues and adopt reverse logistics practices. This is important as it would curb waste, enhance cost savings thus increasing competitiveness. This study further recommends that the government and all stakeholders in the manufacturing sector should carry out public awareness campaigns on the importance of environmental conservation as it would encourage the locals to become active drivers towards the adoption of reverse logistics practices.
Abstract: Increased global warming and environmental degradation, has caused concern for governments, societies and business organizations even in Kenya. Kenya’s, manufacturing industry is one of the main contributors to economic growth. Unfortunately, it has also caused environmental deterioration. Consequently business managers have increasingly begun to r...
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An Overview of School Banking Program: Its Problems, Prospects and Acceptability (A Case Study on Janata Bank Limited Shamoli Corporate Branch)
Ghulam Rabbany,
Din-il-Islam,
Fatema Tus Sadia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
685-694
Received:
3 November 2015
Accepted:
29 December 2015
Published:
25 January 2016
Abstract: JANATA Bank Limited was born with a new concept of purposeful banking sub serving the growing and diversified financial needs of planned economic development of the country. Very recently, BANGLADESH BANK has launched a scheme for the students named ‘School Banking Scheme’ through all commercial and specialized banks in Bangladesh. This concept is new as a separate product but became a popular one within two years with a view to inspiring for savings and creating savings mentality to the school going students with an attractive interest rate, waiver of service charges like other deposit accounts. BB issued a circular on 2nd November, 2010 to all commercial Banks for all school going students to be introduced with developed technology and banking services to play role in financial activities by savings. Up to this period more than 38 banks launched this scheme. But the rules and regulation to operate this kind of account is still ambiguous to all guardians as well as officials that how to open and operate, what necessary documents are needed to open this account from the students though every banks kept about all scheme through website. According to updated statistic of Bangladesh Bank Up to June’2011 to December’2011 more than 67 thousand 220 numbers of school banking accounts was opened and operated under banking jurisdiction. Approximately taka 31 crore was deposited under 29 thousand number of school banking accounts and taka 22 core 39 lac has been increased within six month difference. According to Private statistic there are 65 thousand and 428 numbers of accounts are in the form of school banking deposit account and deposit amount came to about taka 42 core 37 lac. Due to lack in publicity school banking scheme did not overcome its objectives like other deposit schemes. By this scheme most of students can able to build up capital for their future and besides this banks not only use to recurring deposit but also play a social role in the country. This program would be the milestone for the school banking operation for the students and guardians and for the bankers who will introduce the scheme.
Abstract: JANATA Bank Limited was born with a new concept of purposeful banking sub serving the growing and diversified financial needs of planned economic development of the country. Very recently, BANGLADESH BANK has launched a scheme for the students named ‘School Banking Scheme’ through all commercial and specialized banks in Bangladesh. This concept is ...
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