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Research Article
An Overview of Ethiopia's Barley Productivity, Import Quantity and Consumption
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
1-3
Received:
9 December 2023
Accepted:
25 December 2023
Published:
11 January 2024
Abstract: Barley, grown on 975 hectares in the Ethiopian highlands, is a major cereal crop that serves as both a food source and an important source of income for small-holders in Ethiopia. Due to the significance of this crop, it is crucial to analyze the production volumes, productivity, and consumption trends. The study utilized secondary data from the USDA, and the findings reveal an overall 0.5 MT/ha increase in barley productivity between 2014 and 2023. Additionally, there was a 1.04% decrease in the area of land used for barley production during the same period. Household consumption of barley has risen from 1975 Metric Tons (MT) in 2014 to 2475 Metric Tons (MT) in 2023. Furthermore, the level of imports has increased from 31 Metric Tons (MT) in 2014 to 50 Metric Tons (MT) in 2023. Therefore, the Ethiopian government is taking significant measures to increase barley production in order to meet the demand and supply gap. It is recommended that these initiatives continue, along with support in developing improved agricultural technologies and recommendations, such as crop variety, agronomic practices, crop protection measures, encouraging farmer training centers, modernizing the village road and other infrastructure and also increasing the provision of technical advice and practices.
Abstract: Barley, grown on 975 hectares in the Ethiopian highlands, is a major cereal crop that serves as both a food source and an important source of income for small-holders in Ethiopia. Due to the significance of this crop, it is crucial to analyze the production volumes, productivity, and consumption trends. The study utilized secondary data from the US...
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Research Article
Effect of Stress Management Practice on Employees’ Performance: Evidence from Private Higher Education Institutions in Ethiopia
Edward Lambert,
Kanbiro Orkaido*
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
4-12
Received:
14 December 2023
Accepted:
3 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Understanding the relationship between stress management practice and employees' performance can have significant implications for improving the working conditions and ultimately the quality of education in private higher education institutions in Ethiopia. So, the objective of this study was to identify effect of stress management on employees’ performance with reference to Evidence from Private Higher Education Institutions in Ethiopia. To this end, the researchers employed quantitative research approach with explanatory research design where the effect caused by the independent variables on the dependent variable is observed through regression analysis. The simple random and stratified sampling techniques have been employed by researchers. The primary data was collected using structured questionnaire that prepared in the form of five point Likert scale. Then, quantitative analyses have been done through SPSS version 24.0 in order to get the reliable research results. Accordingly, the result of regression model showed that variables such as guided meditation, practice deep breathing, maintain physical exercise, good nutrition, manage social media time, and, connect with others has positive effect on employees performance. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher forwarded possible recommendations for the Private Higher Education Institutions in Ethiopia based on statistically significant variables due to fact that they have significant influence in improving employees’ retention. For instance, stress management improves the job satisfaction and improvement in organizational commitment towards achieving organizational goals enable to increase in employee’s intention. So, that it is recommended to save the Private Higher Education Institutions in Ethiopia should to work on effectiveness of stress management practices in job satisfaction, organizational commitment, total compensation, training and development, and safety of work environment to improve employees retention that enables them to enhance the quality of customer service.
Abstract: Understanding the relationship between stress management practice and employees' performance can have significant implications for improving the working conditions and ultimately the quality of education in private higher education institutions in Ethiopia. So, the objective of this study was to identify effect of stress management on employees’ pe...
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Research Article
Adsorptive Removal of Synthetic Organic Compounds in Aqueous Solutions by Fresh Nipa Palm Fronds
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
13-23
Received:
3 January 2024
Accepted:
15 January 2024
Published:
1 February 2024
Abstract: Adsorptive removal of contaminants in wastewater is distinctive because the technique is simple, effective and with low cost, however, the flexibility of the adsorption process is actually contingent on the sorption abilities of the adsorbent. Nipa palm has been tested in several studies to be effective due to its porous structure and surface properties. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the adsorptive removal of synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) in aqueous solutions using carbonized and surface-modified carbons produced from Nipa Palm (Nypa Fruticans Wurmb) fronds using chemical oxygen demand (COD) as the index of measurement. Data obtained for the present investigation revealed that percent COD reduction of SOCs by the carbons ranged between 93.81 – 96.67%, while COD reduction capacity estimated by Langmuir-type model was between 1.77 - 11.83 mg/g at ambient temperature and at an optimum pH of 8.5. Thermodynamic assessment by Gibbs free energy (∆Go, KJ/mol) revealed that ∆Go values were negative (from - 1.45 KJ/mol to - 5.89 KJ/mol). The results obtained show that Nipa palm could be a beneficial source for the development of an eco-friendly and locally available activated carbon for removal of organic contaminants from domestic and industrial wastewaters.
Abstract: Adsorptive removal of contaminants in wastewater is distinctive because the technique is simple, effective and with low cost, however, the flexibility of the adsorption process is actually contingent on the sorption abilities of the adsorbent. Nipa palm has been tested in several studies to be effective due to its porous structure and surface prope...
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Research Article
Distribution and Potential Environmental Risks of Heavy Metals in Riverine Sediments of Maa-Dee-Tai River in Sogho Community, Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria
Nkue Bale,
Pereware Adowei*
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
24-34
Received:
3 January 2024
Accepted:
23 January 2024
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: Ecological Risk Assessments are executed to appraise the probability of adverse ecological effects occurring as a consequence of exposure to biological, physical, or chemical factors that causes hostile responses in the environment. Several studies have shown extensive heavy metals and crude oil contamination of soils, sediments, rivers, creeks, and ground waters in Ogoniland, Nigeria. However, the Sogho Community in Ogoniland has not been studied. Hence, this paper evaluates the distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in riverine sediments of Maa-Dee-Tai River in Sogho Community, Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria using Solaar Thermo Elemental Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Model SN-SG 710960 after total dissolution of riverine sediments by hydrofluoric acid (HF) and aqua regia (HNO3: HCl; 1:3, v/v) at a temperature of 100oC. Distribution of heavy metals in the sampling stations reveal that Werri had the maximum magnitude of nickel (Ni) among the three stations assessed and the mean value for the three stations is 4.21±0.92mg/Kg. The average values recorded for Ni in the three stations were; 3.52±0.58, 4.04±1.04 and 5.07±1.14mg/Kg for Dee-Tai, Barawansah and Werri respectively. The average mean concentration of the sampling stations for each metal (mg/kg) are Ni (4.21), Zn (3.56) Cr (3.35), Pb (3.25), Cu (1.59), Co (0.8), As (0.12) and Cd (0.12). The order of abundance of the metals in the riverine sediments is Ni>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Co>As>Cd. In all the stations examined, Nickel (Ni) was the most abundant metal. The pollution indices revealed that the river was unpolluted with the different heavy metals studied. The potential environmental risks assessment of heavy metals in riverine sediments of the Maa-Dee-Tai River in Sogho Community, Ogoniland reveals that the river poses low risks in terms of pollutants with reference to heavy metals in the sediment. Hence, it is necessary to preserve the natural state of the river.
Abstract: Ecological Risk Assessments are executed to appraise the probability of adverse ecological effects occurring as a consequence of exposure to biological, physical, or chemical factors that causes hostile responses in the environment. Several studies have shown extensive heavy metals and crude oil contamination of soils, sediments, rivers, creeks, an...
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Research Article
Time Series Analysis PM2•5 Concentration for Capital City Dhaka from 2016 to 2023
Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder*,
Marziat Rahman,
Md. Nasir Ahmmed Patoary,
Abu Muhmmad Kamruzzaman,
Rasheduzzaman Majumder
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
35-42
Received:
10 January 2024
Accepted:
22 January 2024
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: Dhaka, as the epicenter of economic, political, and cultural activity, has been actively pursuing urbanization, modernization, and development in line with global trends. The rise in unplanned urbanization, industrialization, and other human activities have led to an escalation in air pollution levels. The quality of air in Dhaka is progressively declining over time. It has become a significant challenge due to its detrimental effects on both human health and the environment. The objectives of the study to analyze the air quality in Dhaka city over eight years, from 2016 to 2023 and to assess the relation between concentration of PM2•5 and meteorological characteristics in Dhaka city. AQI and PM2•5 data has been collected from the website of U.S. Embassy Dhaka and meteorological data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). Data processing and analysis have been conducted by using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Annual variations indicated that 2023 experienced the highest air pollution levels with an average PM2•5 concentration of 103.67 µg/m³ which is 2.96 times higher than the national ambient air quality standards level. Furthermore, shifting variation analysis demonstrated that air quality deteriorated in the night to morning, reaching an unhealthy level, largely attributed to heavy traffic. Along with that seasonal variations illustrate that winter had the highest PM2•5 levels where monsoon had lower, linked to factors like biomass burning and reduced rainfall. This variance is due to the interaction of a number of different meteorological phenomena. Moreover, Weekly variations showed Thursday to have the highest air pollution. The percentage of “Good” days is very poor and with that "Unhealthy" and "Very Unhealthy" AQI categories significantly increased, posing a serious threat to public health. To address this, a range of short, mid, and long-term strategies are recommended, including improved public awareness, sustainable constructions and transportation options, and stricter environmental regulations.
Abstract: Dhaka, as the epicenter of economic, political, and cultural activity, has been actively pursuing urbanization, modernization, and development in line with global trends. The rise in unplanned urbanization, industrialization, and other human activities have led to an escalation in air pollution levels. The quality of air in Dhaka is progressively d...
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Research Article
Phytochemicals and Selected Elemental Analysis of Dioscorea bulbifera Bulbils: An Uncommon Yam in Nigeria
Victoria Bennett*,
Bamidele Amos-Tautua,
Nimibofa Ayawei
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
43-51
Received:
25 December 2023
Accepted:
10 January 2024
Published:
20 February 2024
Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the biochemical content of Dioscorea bulbifera bulbils, commonly known as Arial yam, collected from Agbura, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Proximate analysis showed 26% moisture content, which is moderate and slightly higher than amount reported in the literature. Ash content was 15.41%, indicating a moderately high mineral content compared to previous reports. The bulbils contained 2.6% protein, 24% carbohydrates, 0.12% fat, and 31.87% fiber respectively. The carbohydrate content suggests that the bubils can be a good source of energy, and the high fiber content is beneficial for digestive health and weight management. Mineral analysis showed 105.48 mg/l Potassium (K), 1.30 mg/l Iron (Fe), 108.11 mg/l Sodium (Na), 11.00 mg/l Copper (Cu), 0.01 mg/l Magnesium (Mg), 0.327 mg/l Zinc (Zn) and 0.02 mg/l Phosphorus. GC-MS spectrum of hexane extract of the bulbils showed 48 different peaks, indicating the presence of 48 bioactive compounds. Some of these bioactive compounds, such as Prenol and 2H-Pyran, 2-(3-butynyloxy)tetrahydro, exhibit antimicrobial properties. This research also revealed that D. bulbifera bubils contain toxic compounds, such as 2-Propenoic acid, 2-propenyl ester, Benzene, 2,4-Hexadiyne, and Toluene. These compounds can be hazardous to the environment and human health, causing irritation, respiratory issues, and other health concerns. Hence, it is crucial not to underestimate the potential toxicity of D. bulbifera bubils. It is imperative to exercise caution and engage in thorough deliberation before considering their use.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the biochemical content of Dioscorea bulbifera bulbils, commonly known as Arial yam, collected from Agbura, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Proximate analysis showed 26% moisture content, which is moderate and slightly higher than amount reported in the literature. Ash content was 15.41%, indicating a ...
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Research Article
Influence of Mid-Infrared Irradiation on Amla’s (Phyllanthus emblica) Physicochemical Properties and Acceptability Index
Umakanthan*,
Madhu Mathi,
Umadevi,
Sivaramakrishnan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
52-62
Received:
29 January 2024
Accepted:
5 February 2024
Published:
20 February 2024
Abstract: Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), commonly known as Indian gooseberry, is highly esteemed for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It possesses a rich abundance of bioactive compounds and exhibits a wide range of health benefits, including anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Amla lends itself to the production of diverse value-added goods such as powder, candy, juice, soup, and oil, offering a convenient and nutritious means of incorporating this fruit into one's daily regimen. Earlier studies suggest that irradiation can have both positive and negative effects on amla, depending on the specific parameters and doses used. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to positively enhance the inherent characteristics of amla by employing the safe and effective 2-6 µm mid-infrared rays, thereby further augmenting its value. Our research utilized a water-based atomizer known as the 2-6µm mid-infrared radiation generating atomizer (MIRGA), which was recently developed by us. A panel of sensory experts conducted a thorough assessment of amla both before and after the application of mid-IR radiation. In addition, various analytical techniques, including FTIR, PXRD, TEM, and H1NMR, were employed to further characterize the irradiated amla. The results demonstrated that the application of mid-IR radiation positively influenced the sensory attributes of amla, enhancing its palatability. Furthermore, the findings revealed significant transformations at the atomic, bond, and compound levels. Hence, it can be inferred that the utilization of mid-IR radiation through an economical, easily accessible, and safe technology holds immense potential for elevating the quality of amla.
Abstract: Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), commonly known as Indian gooseberry, is highly esteemed for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It possesses a rich abundance of bioactive compounds and exhibits a wide range of health benefits, including anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effe...
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Research Article
Household Hazardous Materials Identification and Management Practices Among Residents of Irewole Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria
Adejumo Mumuni*,
Olaniyi Maryam Oyedunsi,
Sridhar Mynepalli Kameswara Chandra
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
63-73
Received:
17 January 2024
Accepted:
18 February 2024
Published:
29 February 2024
Abstract: Most emerging world contaminants have been linked to improper management of household hazardous materials and are currently receiving global attention due to the threat they pose to public health and the environment. There are guidelines for the entire management of household hazardous materials, but there exist inadequate information on its identification and management practices at household level. Therefore, the present study was conducted to fill the gap. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 346 randomly selected households in Irewole Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. A validated semi-structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used to gather information. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square at p<0.05. Respondents’ mean age was 34.5±12.8 years, 54.3% were female while 66.8% had attained tertiary education. The major hazardous materials observed in most of the houses were laundry and dish washing detergents (94.1%), insecticide (90.7%) and household disinfectants (88.3%). Fifty-nine percent of the participants mentioned open burning as the most preferred method of disposal of household hazardous materials. The mean practice score was 6.4±1.9, 62.0% had inappropriate practices towards household hazardous materials management. Significantly, 78.5% of the respondents with tertiary education had appropriate practice towards managing household hazardous materials than those who had attained secondary (16.9%) and primary education (4.6%). Laundry and dish washing detergents, insecticide and household disinfectants were observed in most of the houses. Also participants were engaged in inappropriate practices for the management of household hazardous waste. Households should have access to hazardous waste management facilities, and educational information and communication materials to improve their management practices.
Abstract: Most emerging world contaminants have been linked to improper management of household hazardous materials and are currently receiving global attention due to the threat they pose to public health and the environment. There are guidelines for the entire management of household hazardous materials, but there exist inadequate information on its identi...
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