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Assessment of Heavy Metal Uptake in Edible Vegetable Crops in Aba Urban Farms, Nigeria
Okoro Enyinnaya Okoro,
Iwueke Nyainbau Tarinabo
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
89-94
Received:
27 March 2017
Accepted:
12 April 2017
Published:
4 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20170205.11
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Abstract: This study evaluates the uptake of Cadmium, Nickel and Lead in vegetables: Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin), Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) and Solanum melongena (garden egg), planted in farms close to waste dumpsite. Three vegetables gardens were selected from Emelogu, Abayi and Umuogele in Aba, Abia State. The result from the soil in Emelogu shows Lead (Pb) 67 mg/kg, Nickel (Ni) 33 mg/kg, Cadmium (Cd) 20 mg/kg, from Abayi Pb 0.64 mg/kg Cd 2.43mg/kg Ni 0.29mg/kg, from Umuogele Pb 0.49mg/kg, Cd 0.25mg/kg, Ni 0.24mg/kg. The results of the uptake of these heavy metals by vegetables crop from Emelogu show: (Telfairia occidentalis) Pb 0.09mg/kg, Cd 0.15mg/kg, Ni 0.001mg/kg, (Solanum melongena) Pb 0.01mg/kg, Cd 0.29mg/kg, Ni 0.001mg/kg. from Abayi (Telfairia occidentalis) Pb 0.02mg/kg, Ni 0.17mg/kg, Cd 0.02mg/kg, (Solanum melongena) Pb 0.03mg/kg, Ni 0.49mg/kg, Cd 0.05mg/kg, (Cucurbita maxima) Pb 0.00mg/kg, Ni 0.40mg/kg, and Cd 0.04mg/kg. From the result it can be deduced that the uptake of heavy metal follows in this trend Ni>Cd>Pb, and Solanum melongena>Cucurbita maxima>Telfairia occidentalis. It was observed that values of Cadmium were above the recommended value by EU standard while Pb was within the recommended value. Therefore leafy vegetables cultivated in farms close to waste dumpsite take up heavy metals within their edible parts and should not be consumed because of health implication of heavy metals.
Abstract: This study evaluates the uptake of Cadmium, Nickel and Lead in vegetables: Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin), Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) and Solanum melongena (garden egg), planted in farms close to waste dumpsite. Three vegetables gardens were selected from Emelogu, Abayi and Umuogele in Aba, Abia State. The result from the soil in Emelogu s...
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Assessment of Domestic Energy Preference in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
David Oriabure Ekhuemelo,
Felicity Amuche Ugwueze,
Emmanuel Terzungwue Tembe
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
95-102
Received:
20 June 2017
Accepted:
27 July 2017
Published:
4 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20170205.12
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Abstract: This study appraised household energy utilization in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa state. Out of the 86 streets in Lafia LGA, 30% of streets were randomly selected for the study. Five households and one targeted audience were systematically selected from each street, and 6 copies of questionnaire were administered to each household head. Data obtained were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results revealed single energy type used as charcoal (32%), gas (24%) fuelwood (22%) and kerosene (12%), Electricity (9%) and sawdust/ sawdust stove (2%). Two combined energy use were fuelwood and charcoal (25%), charcoal and kerosene (24%), gas and kerosene (15%). Multiple energy use were fuelwood, charcoal and kerosene (18%) being highest, while the least was sawdust stove, fuelwood and charcoal (2%). Preference of energy sources were charcoal (35.4%) > gas (29%) > fuelwood (17%) > electricity (12%) > kerosene (6%). Energy was used for domestic purposes (56%) > business (36%) > domestic and business (8%). On weekly bases, 56%, 18%, 12%, 2% of respondents spent between N600 - N1,000, N0 - N500, N1,100 - N2,000 and N2,100 - N3,00 respectively on household. The highest earnings from energy sales per week was charcaol (N10,001- N20,000) fuelwood (N3,000 - N10,000, and N10,001 and N20,000), kerosene (N3,000 - N1,000) gas (N10,001 - N20,000) respectively. Charcoal was the most preferred energy source for domestic purposes among the households in Lafia LGA. It is recommended that the use of bioenergy from wastes should be encouraged while availability of kerosene, cooking gas and efficient electricity should be improved.
Abstract: This study appraised household energy utilization in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa state. Out of the 86 streets in Lafia LGA, 30% of streets were randomly selected for the study. Five households and one targeted audience were systematically selected from each street, and 6 copies of questionnaire were administered to each household head. ...
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Groundwater Assessment and Its Intrinsic Vulnerability Studies Using Aquifer Vulnerability Index and GOD Methods
Olumuyiwa Olusola Falowo,
Yemisi Akindureni,
Olajumoke Ojo
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
103-116
Received:
24 August 2017
Accepted:
18 September 2017
Published:
28 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20170205.13
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Abstract: Groundwater assessment and aquifer/water bearing formation vulnerability studies were carried out in Ose and Owo Local Government areas of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria. The groundwater evaluation involved integrated electrical resistivity (vertical electrical sounding), very low frequency electromagnetic, and borehole logging. Aquifer vulnerability assessment was done using Aquifer vulnerability Index (AVI) and GOD approaches. Fifty two (52) vertical electrical soundings (VES) data were acquired with Schlumberger array using current electrode separation (AB/2) of 1 to 225 m. The acquired VES data were qualitatively interpreted to determine the geoelectric parameters (layer resistivity and thickness). The geoelectric sections revealed the lithological sequence comprising topsoil, weathered layer, partly weathered/fractured basement and fresh basement. The most occurring curve types identified are H and KH with % frequency of 30 and 26.9 respectively. The lineament density and interception maps show a low spatial variation as the lineaments are generally sparse in the study area especially in Ose local government area; while Owo area shows a low – moderate variation. The major water bearing units are confined/unconfined fracture basement and weathered layer composing of clay/sandy clay, clay sand and sand aquifers (found in the southern part of the study area with thickness generally above 20 m and could be up to 60 m). However, the fracture basement aquifer is widespread in Owo area with thickness that could up to 30 m. The depth to these water bearing geological formation is between 1.2 m and 15.9 m. The AVI characterized the study area into “extremely low – High vulnerability” with predominant very high vulnerability values. The GOD vulnerability model depicts that the study area is characterized by three vulnerability zones, which are low, moderate and high vulnerable zones. According to the model, about 5% of the area is highly vulnerable while about 45% is of moderate rating, and 50% low vulnerable rating. It is highly recommended that the least vulnerable zone should be the primary target for future groundwater development in the area in order to ensure continuous supply of safe and potable groundwater for human consumption; and more importantly, location of septic tanks, petroleum storage tanks, shallow subsurface piping utilities and other contaminant facilities should be confined to low vulnerable zones.
Abstract: Groundwater assessment and aquifer/water bearing formation vulnerability studies were carried out in Ose and Owo Local Government areas of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria. The groundwater evaluation involved integrated electrical resistivity (vertical electrical sounding), very low frequency electromagnetic, and borehole logging. Aquifer vulnerabi...
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