Patterns and Determinants of Domestic Energy Use in Kanchenjunga Himalaya
Pashupati Chaudhary,
Reinmar Seidler,
Kamal Bawa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
1-11
Received:
17 December 2016
Accepted:
16 January 2017
Published:
13 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20170201.11
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Abstract: In the Kanchenjunga Transboundary Conservation Landscape of the Eastern Himalaya, people remain dependent upon biomass energy for virtually all domestic uses, including cooking food, boiling water and tea, space heating, and preparing cattle feed. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is being adopted only gradually and unevenly. We examined patterns and determinants of fuel wood versus LPG use for 250 households in India and Nepal. Over 90% of households use fuel wood for the purposes mentioned above. Major determinants of fuel wood consumption rates include household (family) size, education level of household head, number of cattle owned, and time spent collecting fuel wood. Major determinants of LPG use include age and education level of household head, household size, household income, time spent collecting fuel wood, membership of the household head in social organization, and land tenure status. Patterns of fuel wood use differ across Indian and Nepali sites. These differences are correlated with differences in the social, economic and policy factors mentioned above. Our results suggest that direct promotion of LPG may not contribute greatly to reductions of fuel wood use and the consequent pressure on forest resources. On the other hand, investment in a number of social and economic factors, including education and improved ownership of forests by local communities, can in some cases reduce fuel wood use, consequently ameliorating forest degradation caused by overharvest of fuel wood.
Abstract: In the Kanchenjunga Transboundary Conservation Landscape of the Eastern Himalaya, people remain dependent upon biomass energy for virtually all domestic uses, including cooking food, boiling water and tea, space heating, and preparing cattle feed. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is being adopted only gradually and unevenly. We examined patterns and d...
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Preliminary Study on Floatation of Flotation Column for Ertang Coal Slime
Shuai Li,
Wen-fang Wu,
Kai-yi Shi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
12-15
Received:
25 December 2016
Accepted:
10 January 2017
Published:
17 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20170201.12
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Abstract: In order to improve the flotation efficiency of high ash fine coal slime, flotation column was used to study the flotation of slime in Ertang Coal Preparation Plant. Firstly, industrial analysis and sieving test of the floating slime were carried out. The results show that the flotation efficiency is the best when the collector dosage is 400g / t and the amount of foaming agent is 600g / t, that is, the ratio of collector to foaming agent is 2: 3. In the premise to meet the requirements of coal ash, usually pulp concentration should be controlled as much as 60g / L below, in order to achieve the ideal sorting effect. The final index: 80.06% for clean coal production rate and 61.42% for perfect index flotation.
Abstract: In order to improve the flotation efficiency of high ash fine coal slime, flotation column was used to study the flotation of slime in Ertang Coal Preparation Plant. Firstly, industrial analysis and sieving test of the floating slime were carried out. The results show that the flotation efficiency is the best when the collector dosage is 400g / t a...
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Global Warming and Heat Waves in West-Africa: Impacts on Electricity Consumption in Dakar (Senegal) and Niamey (Niger)
Ndiaye Aissatou,
Adamou Rabani,
Gueye Moussa,
Diedhiou Arona
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
16-26
Received:
11 January 2017
Accepted:
20 January 2017
Published:
3 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20170201.13
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Abstract: Global warming and related atmospheric temperature rises can impact the electricity sector. The aim of this study is to assess extreme temperatures and heat waves impacts on electricity consumption in West-Africa. To achieve this goal, observational climatic data and long period electricity consumption data collected from Dakar (Senegal) and Niamey (Niger) were used. Obtained results have shown that annual mean temperature enhancement trends during the study period, 1976 to 2011, are similar in both cities. The maximum variations between annual mean temperatures, during 35 years, are around 2.2±0.1°C. The surface temperature seasonal cycle has given two hot periods for each city. The number of hot days and heat waves has increased and their frequency is more pronounced in the last decades. Dakar, the extreme west coastal zone, presents more hot days, which reached 20 days in 2009, and shows greater frequency but has fewer heat waves compared to Niamey in the middle Sahel which has longer lasting heat waves. The electricity consumption trends in both cities match extreme temperatures evolution well. It is low during the cold season but rises during the hot periods. In Niamey, electricity consumption reaches its first peak during its hottest period, March to May. After that, there is a decrease during rainy and cold seasons, which is followed by an enhancement during the second hot period from September to November, with a prominent consumption peak in October. Similar trends were observed for Dakar. A positive correlation has been obtained between the surface temperature and the two cities’ electricity consumption, confirming the extreme weather global impact.
Abstract: Global warming and related atmospheric temperature rises can impact the electricity sector. The aim of this study is to assess extreme temperatures and heat waves impacts on electricity consumption in West-Africa. To achieve this goal, observational climatic data and long period electricity consumption data collected from Dakar (Senegal) and Niamey...
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