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Sensitivity Analysis of Groundwater Quality around Peat Swamp Forest Region to Examine Trend Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters
Milad Kurdi,
Taymour Eslamkish
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
1-6
Received:
25 October 2016
Accepted:
4 November 2016
Published:
25 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20160101.11
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Abstract: The aim of this study was examine sensitivity analysis of groundwater quality around peat swamp forest region to determine trend analysis of physicochemical parameters. In order to achieve this goal, samples were taken from Ziarat spring, the nearest hydrometric station around Suteh PSF from 1998 to 2015. The parameters such as TDS, EC, pH and major ions including SO4, Mg, HCO3, Ca, Na, Cl, and K of the Ziarat spring were analyzed. To examine the trend analysis of physiochemical parameters, the winter’s model of time series analysis has been used. The order of abundance of ions are HCO3> Cl> Na> SO4> Ca> Mg> K. The trend analysis of pH demonstrates a decreasing trend (from alkaline to acidic) but EC and TDS trends show a rising trend. According to sensitivity analysis by using the response analysis of factorial analysis and Pareto charts, the most important factor for pH was Na×HCO3 and then a combination of Ca, Mg and HCO3. For EC, the most important factor was calcium and then the K×SO4 factor and for TDS, it was the K × SO4 and then the K × Ca factor. Determinative ions based on the singular sensitivity analysis pH are in the following order Ca > HCO3> Mg> SO4> K> Na > Cl. Meanwhile, for EC, the determinant ions are in the following order Ca > Mg> SO4> HCO3> Na >K> Cl and the determinant ions for TDS are followed by K> Cl > HCO3> Ca > Mg> SO4> Na.
Abstract: The aim of this study was examine sensitivity analysis of groundwater quality around peat swamp forest region to determine trend analysis of physicochemical parameters. In order to achieve this goal, samples were taken from Ziarat spring, the nearest hydrometric station around Suteh PSF from 1998 to 2015. The parameters such as TDS, EC, pH and majo...
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Methylmercury in the United States: Assessing the Threat of Not Regulating Mercury Emissions
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
7-12
Received:
23 October 2016
Accepted:
10 November 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20160101.12
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Abstract: Mercury pollution has recently become a significant topic of conversation within the United States following the Supreme Court’s ruling against the Environmental Protection Agency’s Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS). MATS sought to regulate the pollution released from oil and coal-fired power plants, the top producers of mercury air pollution in the United States. Successful implementation of MATS would have effectively reduced the volume of elemental mercury released into the atmosphere, thereby, reducing the American populous’ exposure to the element’s more toxic form, methylmercury. This review assesses the current status of mercury emissions and the resulting exposure of the public to both elemental and methylmercury within the United States.
Abstract: Mercury pollution has recently become a significant topic of conversation within the United States following the Supreme Court’s ruling against the Environmental Protection Agency’s Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS). MATS sought to regulate the pollution released from oil and coal-fired power plants, the top producers of mercury air pollution...
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Optimization of Biohydrogen Production (BHP) from Agro Waste Water (Cassava Waste Water): A Case of Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Adepoju Tunde Folorunsho,
Akwayo Iniobong Job,
Uzono Romokere Isotuk
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
13-18
Received:
20 October 2016
Accepted:
3 November 2016
Published:
16 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20160101.13
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Abstract: This work aims at optimization of biohydrogen production(BHP) from agro waste water. To determine the physicochemical properties of the cassava waste water the sample was subjected to analysis using standard methods. Broth medium was made and substrate preparation was carried out, inoculum pretreatment was carried out and the medium was cultivated following standard method. To optimize the process condition, three-factor-three-variables response surface methodology (RSM) was used; these gave 17 experimental runs and were carried out. Results showed that the physicochemical analysis of agro waste water had initial pH of 5.46 which indicated a low acidity, total diffuse solid of 3.93 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand of 0.25 mg/L and biochemical oxygen demand of 0.16 mg/L. The highest biohydrogen yield(BHY) obtained was 4.25 mlat a coded factors of X1= 0, X2=1 and X3= 1, but the RSM statistical software predicted BHY of 4.009 ml at X1= -1, X2= -1.0 and X3= -0.011 at desirability of 0.706. This was validated by carrying out three experiments which gave an average BHY of 4.00 ml. The coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9966% implies most variability can be explained by regression model. The experimental findings concluded that the use of RSM with appropriate experimental design can help in achieving the optimum yield of biohydrogen, which could serve as an alternative source of energy that could replace petroleum-based fuels.
Abstract: This work aims at optimization of biohydrogen production(BHP) from agro waste water. To determine the physicochemical properties of the cassava waste water the sample was subjected to analysis using standard methods. Broth medium was made and substrate preparation was carried out, inoculum pretreatment was carried out and the medium was cultivated ...
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Landfills: Investigating Its Operational Practices in Ghana
Ernest Kusi,
Ampaw Kofi Nyarko,
Linda Appiah Boamah,
Clement Nyamekye
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
19-28
Received:
3 November 2016
Accepted:
22 November 2016
Published:
3 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20160101.14
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Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore landfill operational activities in Ghana. Very little studies have been conducted on landfill operational practices in Ghana and this study therefore seeks to bridge that gap to help researchers, policy makers, landfill operators and the general public to improve upon existing landfill management. The types, operational practices and the challenges of the landfill management were the main areas touched upon in this study. Information was obtained mainly by primary sources through questionnaires, interviews and site visits. Additional information was however obtained through secondary sources. Three (3) landfill strategies were identified as final disposal sites for collected Municipal Solid Waste. Kpone engineered landfill, Abokobi controlled dump and Nkanfoa open dump sites were the three main landfill sites that were selected. The study showed landfill sites were found very close to residence, water bodies and highways. 65% - 75% of generated municipal solid waste ended up in landfills. Open dumping was the predominant form of landfill types in Ghana as it was found in most of the communities in municipalities and districts. Result obtained from the study revealed that vehicles and equipment cost are the highest contributor to the operating cost in all the three sites; it ranged between 58.4% -61.9% of the total operating cost. The cost of fuel and lubrication fluids represented about 22% of the total operating cost. Frequent break down of equipment, lack of funds to run a more efficient operation, inaccessible nature of the road during raining seasons and encroachment due to absence of fence, were some of the challenges facing landfill operations in Ghana. Recycling of waste was highly recommended to divert more waste from ending up in landfills, thereby increasing its life span. Metropolitan, Municipalities, District Assemblies and private service providers should be made to follow the basic operational controls and standards in relations to landfills in Ghana as specified in landfill operational guidelines with strict enforcement of the policy by Environmental Protection Agency.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore landfill operational activities in Ghana. Very little studies have been conducted on landfill operational practices in Ghana and this study therefore seeks to bridge that gap to help researchers, policy makers, landfill operators and the general public to improve upon existing landfill management. The types, ...
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Some Initial Results on Research and Modeling of Organic Rice Production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Nguyen Cong Thanh,
Nguyen Van Manh,
Nguyen Van An,
Phan Thị Phuong Thao,
Doan Thi Hong Cam,
Nguyen Tien Hai,
Nguyen Thi Huong
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
29-36
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
9 November 2016
Published:
7 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20160101.15
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Abstract: The rice-shrimp crop rotation system in the coastal provinces of Mekong Delta (MD) is a special farming system and has become the cultivation practices for decades. Currently, seven provinces in the Mekong Delta applied rice-shrimp farming systems are Soc Trang, Tra Vinh, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau, Ben Tre, Kien Giang and Long An. In this farming system in the dry season when the saltwater intrusion into the field usually begins in February and lasts about 8 months, up to September yearly, farmers raising shrimps, crab and some fishes. After harvesting shrimps, farmers use raining and fresh water to make desalination the field and grow rice in the late August or early September. The study aim is to build the procedure for this kind of initial organic production following the international standards and to demonstrate the organic rice production model for farmers to practice. The methods apply in this research includes experiments on organic fertilizers, high quality rice varieties comparision and seed sowing methods through experiment split-plot design, randomised complete block design along with farmer survey. The initial results showed that in the rice-shrimp system, the sowing density can reduce as compared to recent farmer practice (80-100 kg/ha) with around 60-70 kg/ha. From the experimental results can encourage farmers to apply a row seeding method (using row seeder) with many advantages, and can save seed (seed density below 60 kg/ha). In case of broadcasting seed by hand the seed density use about 70kg/ha. For study on the suitable rice varieties, VTN 19 varieties gave highest yield (4.72 t/ha), followed by ST 5 (4.52 t/ha-check), then OM 4900 (4.37 t/ha); OM 6162 (4.19 t/ha); and OM 5451 (4.09 t/ha). On the effective modeling of farmers producing organic rice, the real profit in the year 2015 was 24,023,000 VND and planning profit in the year 2016, 2017 were 26,511,200 VND and 31,487,600 VND per ha respectively. The highest capital efficiency third year of organic production is 2.4; then the second year (2.0) and first-year (1.8). While in case of inorganic rice production, the capital efficiency is only 1.4. Rice product produced from this organic rice project has received international organic rice certificates from EU (Europe), USDA (United States) and JAS (Japan). With the initial good results this model can encourage to multiply larger areas in the MD.
Abstract: The rice-shrimp crop rotation system in the coastal provinces of Mekong Delta (MD) is a special farming system and has become the cultivation practices for decades. Currently, seven provinces in the Mekong Delta applied rice-shrimp farming systems are Soc Trang, Tra Vinh, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau, Ben Tre, Kien Giang and Long An. In this farming system in ...
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