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Communication in the Process of ODR: Advantages and Challenges
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
39-42
Received:
8 September 2016
Accepted:
28 November 2016
Published:
29 December 2016
Abstract: The traditional courts often do not provide chance for effectively communicating the grievance of a person. Meanwhile Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) systems such as arbitration, mediation, negotiation etc. primarily offer an ear to hear the problems. This has contributed to the growth of ADR worldwide. With the penetration of internet and introduction of mobiles, there have rapid changes even in the resolution of conflicts. Online Dispute Resolution is one such area where technology is used to resolve the disputes online without any physical presence. This paper will bring out the importance of communication, and the communication in the process of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), its advantages and challenges.
Abstract: The traditional courts often do not provide chance for effectively communicating the grievance of a person. Meanwhile Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) systems such as arbitration, mediation, negotiation etc. primarily offer an ear to hear the problems. This has contributed to the growth of ADR worldwide. With the penetration of internet and int...
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A Scheme of Downlink HARQ Scheduling in TDD LTE-A
Hai Zhu,
Dan Wang,
Peng Sun
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
43-46
Received:
1 September 2016
Accepted:
2 December 2016
Published:
30 December 2016
Abstract: In order to provide a higher peak data rate, carrier aggregation (CA) is implemented into Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) systems. However, more and more downlink hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback information need to be transmitted. Especially, in time division duplexing (TDD) systems must comply with the updownconfig, the complexity and storage of HARQ scheduling increase largely under CA. In this paper, a HARQ scheduling scheme is proposed which is based on dynamic information tables to generate and schedule the downlink feedback information of acknowledgment/negative acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) in Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) system. Some storing tables based on component carriers are designed and a dynamic updated scheme is proposed, which reduces the scheduling complexity and memory occupation effectively.
Abstract: In order to provide a higher peak data rate, carrier aggregation (CA) is implemented into Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) systems. However, more and more downlink hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback information need to be transmitted. Especially, in time division duplexing (TDD) systems must comply with the updownconfig, the comple...
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Compact Rectangular Slot Patch Antenna for Dual Frequency Operation Using Inset Feed Technique
Jeffrey C. Saturday,
Kufre M. Udofi,
Akaninyene B. Obot
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
47-53
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
14 January 2017
Abstract: In recent years, the inventions in communication systems require the development of low cost, minimal weight, compact and low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort in the design of microstrip patch antennas because of its inherent characteristics that fits the requirements of modern communication devices. This paper presents the design and simulation of a compact rectangular slot patch antenna for dual frequency operation at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz using the inset feed technique. The simulation of the designed antenna was done with the aid of computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio version 12. The antenna has a miniature compact size of 44×41×1.6 mm3 which resonated at a return loss of -19.619 dB and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.303 at 2.4 GHz, and -17.55 dB and VSWR of 1.301 at 5.2 GHz. The results show that the antenna has a corresponding bandwidth of 124.6 MHz at 2.4 GHz and 119.8 MHz at 5.2 GHz. The substrate used in the proposed antenna is the flame resistant four (FR-4) with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.023. The proposed antenna may find applications in wireless local area network (WLAN) and Bluetooth technology.
Abstract: In recent years, the inventions in communication systems require the development of low cost, minimal weight, compact and low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort in the design of microstrip patch antennas because of its inherent chara...
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Seasonal Variations of Site Diversity Along Earth-Space Paths in Nigeria
Achor Jane O.,
Udofia Kufre M.,
Obot Akaninyene B.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
54-58
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
Abstract: Site diversity (SD) is an effective technique for mitigating rain attenuation in satellite communications, especially in regions where rainfall rates are high. Nigeria is characterised by the tropical climate, this implies that rainfall rates are generally high. This paper presents a study of the seasonal variation of site diversity technique in Nigeria at Ka-band frequency of 20 GHz. Rainfall data obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) over a period of five years (2010 to 2014) were analysed to derive the one-minute rainfall rate distribution for four selected earth stations (University of Uyo, Uyo (UNIUYO); Akwa Ibom International Airport, Uyo (AKIA); Margaret Ekpo International Airport, Calabar (MEIA); and Port Harcourt International Airport, Port Harcourt (PHIA)) within the South-South Nigeria. The link parameters of Nigerian Communication Sattelite-1R (NigComSat-1R) were incorporated into the ITU-R model for rain attenuation to estimate the rain attenuation distribution through a seasonal cumulative distribution and percentage of outage time between 0.01 to 100%. Site diversity was implemented, taking University of Uyo as the reference site. The results obtained show that SD technique is most effective between the months of March and May and least effective between September and December.
Abstract: Site diversity (SD) is an effective technique for mitigating rain attenuation in satellite communications, especially in regions where rainfall rates are high. Nigeria is characterised by the tropical climate, this implies that rainfall rates are generally high. This paper presents a study of the seasonal variation of site diversity technique in Ni...
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Determination and Comparative Analysis of Refractivity Profile and Fade Depth for Microwave Links in Lagos
Udofia Kufre. M.,
Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo,
Etokebe Iniobong Jackson
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
59-62
Received:
17 October 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
Abstract: The concept of radio link design and planning remain very vital to a radio link engineer and so the need to have a clear information outlook of the refractivity profile and fade depth of that location. In this study, radiosonde data from 2012 to 2014 was used to estimate the point refractivity gradient and fade depth for Lagos located 6.4531° N, 3.3958°E South West of Nigeria. The refractivity gradient for Lagos from the distribution table showed the highest occurrence in December with dN1 of -56.4268.1N units and February with the lowest dN1 having -398.5034N units while the fade depth for the different models also showed monthly and seasonal variations, with fade depth of 142.03 dB for the ITU-R P.530-9 model, 132.051 dB for the ITU-R P.530-14 model and 156.861 dB for the ITU-R P.530-16 model.
Abstract: The concept of radio link design and planning remain very vital to a radio link engineer and so the need to have a clear information outlook of the refractivity profile and fade depth of that location. In this study, radiosonde data from 2012 to 2014 was used to estimate the point refractivity gradient and fade depth for Lagos located 6.4531° N, 3....
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Measuring the Impact of Internet, Technology & Human Communication: A Study on Bangladesh
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
63-69
Received:
9 October 2016
Accepted:
3 November 2016
Published:
17 January 2017
Abstract: This paper demonstrates that now in Bangladesh adult aged are redirect their brain in utilizing web and speak with other. They don't have enthusiasm for human correspondence and personal discussion. For some situation web have numerous positive sides likewise and make numerous assignments simple for us. From the investigation it’s found that the students are the pioneer client of web and innovation. Some place perusing web makes simple a large portion of work of the work put. This answer is to discover the successful wellspring of human correspondence lately and to clear up the current state of web, innovation and human communication in this cutting edge age. Presently human communications are extraordinarily affected by web and innovation. Other than, these positives affect interpersonal organization antagonistic effect on society. Long range informal communication depends on innovation and is led over particular gadgets with no nearness of up close and personal association, which brings about a powerlessness to get to interpersonal conduct and flags to encourage correspondence. Furthermore, it can be said that web and innovation can impact individuals' life from various perspectives.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates that now in Bangladesh adult aged are redirect their brain in utilizing web and speak with other. They don't have enthusiasm for human correspondence and personal discussion. For some situation web have numerous positive sides likewise and make numerous assignments simple for us. From the investigation it’s found that the st...
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