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Application of Molecular Karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review
Angeli Ambayya,
Andrew Octavian Sasmita,
Jameela Sathar,
Kian Meng Chang,
Zainina Seman,
Sabariah Md Noor,
Subramanian Yegappan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
20-31
Received:
26 May 2018
Accepted:
19 June 2018
Published:
12 July 2018
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease characterized by the overproduction of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in blood and bone marrow. Integration of genetic findings and clinicopathological information is crucial in establishing the diagnosis, prognosis and determining the therapeutic approach in the management of AML patients. In recent years, the AML classification has evolved from morphology to cytogenetics/molecular genetics-based findings, which is essential in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities and has provided the framework for the diagnosis and risk-stratification in AML. Moreover, with advances in molecular karyotyping such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, various limitations of conventional diagnostic approaches have been overcome. Hence, this review focuses on the insights into molecular karyotyping using CGH and SNP arrays which enable the identification of copy number variations (CNVs) at a higher resolution and facilitate the detection of copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) otherwise undetectable by conventional cytogenetics. Technical hindrances of these methods (e.g. regions of losses, gains, or “undulating waves”) are also discussed in the context of AML.
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease characterized by the overproduction of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in blood and bone marrow. Integration of genetic findings and clinicopathological information is crucial in establishing the diagnosis, prognosis and determining the therapeutic approach in the management of AML patien...
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Household Water Treatment Practice and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV, Bahir Dar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia
Amsalu Birara,
Bikes Destaw,
Kefyalew Addis
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
32-37
Received:
23 May 2018
Accepted:
25 June 2018
Published:
16 July 2018
Abstract: Introduction: PLHIV have substantially greater need for access to safe water, for bathing and washing soiled clothing and linen; safe drinking water is necessary for taking medicines. Therefore household water treatment is one of inexpensive and effective technology to make water safe. However the information of household water treatment practices and associated factors on these groups were inadequate. Objective: the: t aim of the study was to assess household water treatment practice and associated factors among PLHIV who are member of the three associations in Bahir Dar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was done among PLHIV from April-May 2013. A Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Pre-tested and structured questionnaire, observation checks list and residual chlorine test was used to collect the data. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the separate and confounding effect for variables with p-value <0.2 in binary analysis. Result: of the total respondents 76.3% reported that they treated their drinking water at home. But only 11% of respondents treated water at home within 24 hours of this study. The main reasons for not treating water at home were psycho-social problem 29 (53.7%), unavailability of treatment methods 17 (31.5%), and lack of knowledge how to use treatment methods 8 (14.8%). Occupational status of the respondents (AOR=2.6; 95% CI 0.162-0.903), duration of water storing time (AOR=2.9; 95% CI 1.471-5.692), and use of separate container for water storing (AOR=3.1; 1.008-9.223) were significantly associated variables with household water treatment practice. Conclusion: Household water treatment practices among people living with HIV were found low. Therefore the PLHIV needs special attention to improve household water treatment practice. fee free water treatment methods availability, promotion of household water treatment practice and participate in income generating activities are supreme important.
Abstract: Introduction: PLHIV have substantially greater need for access to safe water, for bathing and washing soiled clothing and linen; safe drinking water is necessary for taking medicines. Therefore household water treatment is one of inexpensive and effective technology to make water safe. However the information of household water treatment practices ...
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Nipah Virus Infection, a High Priority Disease: History, Facts, Transmission, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
38-42
Received:
27 May 2018
Accepted:
25 June 2018
Published:
21 July 2018
Abstract: NiV is a zoonotic virus; the virus often infects mammals such as pigs and fruit bats (Pteropodidae), but they may be asymptomatic. Nipah virus infection transferred by contact with an NiV-infected animal or person or their secretions that has a high fatality rate in infected humans. The patient commonly present with the symptoms that vary from none to fever, cough, headache, dyspnea and confusion and at the end patient condition may worsen into a coma over a day or two. Though there is no significant medications or vaccination against this fatal disease, knowledge about the preventive measures of transmission of disease is inevitable to prevent the occurrence of NiV infection.
Abstract: NiV is a zoonotic virus; the virus often infects mammals such as pigs and fruit bats (Pteropodidae), but they may be asymptomatic. Nipah virus infection transferred by contact with an NiV-infected animal or person or their secretions that has a high fatality rate in infected humans. The patient commonly present with the symptoms that vary from none...
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Brillantasia patula Aqueous Leaf Extract Averts Hyperglycermia, Lipid Peroxidation, and Alterations in Hematological Parameters in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Akpovwehwee Akporhuarho Anigboro,
Oghenetega Jonathan Avwioroko,
Nyerhovwo John Tonukari
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
43-51
Received:
27 May 2018
Accepted:
26 June 2018
Published:
24 July 2018
Abstract: The protective effects of aqueous leaf extract of Brillantasia patula against hyperglycermia, lipid peroxidation, and alterations in hematological parameters in diabetic Wistar rats were investigated. The study consisted of six treatment groups, with five animals each, designated as Group-1 (healthy), Group-2 (diabetic control) and Groups 3-6 (diabetic rats treated with 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kgbwt of extract, respectively). Rats were administered their respective doses orally, and daily, for 14 days. Thereafter, the effects on serum glucose levels, liver and kidney functions, lipid peroxidation, free radical scavenger and hematological parameters were analyzed. Blood glucose levels reduced markedly in diabetic rats given the plant extract relative to diabetic control. Both serum creatinine and urea decreased significantly in treated diabetic rats at extract doses of 1000 mg/kgbwt and above. Reductions in serum cholesterol (p<0.05) and triglyceride levels (p<0.05) were also observed. Elevated total serum protein and globulin in diabetic control was decreased in all treated groups. Haematological indices of groups given the extract were noticeably enhanced. Similarly, kidney, heart and liver glutathione (GSH) levels increased significantly in groups treated compared to diabetic control; lipid peroxidation in kidney and heart also decreased significantly in all the treated groups. Liver catalase activity improved. Serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases activities widely lowered in Groups 3 and 4. The study indicates that Brillantaisia patula aqueous leaf extract exhibits potential hypoglycemic effect, prevents lipid peroxidation, boosts haematological parameters, and could protect liver and renal damage associated with diabetes especially at doses of 500 - 1000 mg/kgbwt.
Abstract: The protective effects of aqueous leaf extract of Brillantasia patula against hyperglycermia, lipid peroxidation, and alterations in hematological parameters in diabetic Wistar rats were investigated. The study consisted of six treatment groups, with five animals each, designated as Group-1 (healthy), Group-2 (diabetic control) and Groups 3-6 (diab...
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Removing Trace Co from NiSO4 Solutions Using Cyanex 272
Yongfa Song,
Guangxin Wang,
Bin Yang,
Yaqiong Li
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
52-58
Received:
12 August 2018
Accepted:
22 August 2018
Published:
17 September 2018
Abstract: Although there are many articles about the effective separation of cobalt and nickel, the investigation on separation of trace cobalt and high concentration nickel are still poorly reported. In this paper, the process of extraction and separation of trace cobalt from sulfate solution containing high concentration of nickel was systematically investigated. The commercial product Cyanex 272 (bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid) in kerosence was used. The initial solution used for the present study contained in [Co] 25.45 mg/L and [Ni] 96.00 g/L. A cobalt extraction rate of more than 99% has been achieved under the condition of 10 vol. % Cyanex 272, O/A 1:1, pH 5.5, and 60°C, with cobalt concentration being reduced from 25.45 to below 0.5 mg/L. NiSO4 solution with such a low Co level is required for producing ultra-high 5N-6N purity nickel. In addition, high pH value, high Cyanex 272 concentration in organic phase, high O/A ratio, and adding TBP to the organic phase can lead to increased Ni loss.
Abstract: Although there are many articles about the effective separation of cobalt and nickel, the investigation on separation of trace cobalt and high concentration nickel are still poorly reported. In this paper, the process of extraction and separation of trace cobalt from sulfate solution containing high concentration of nickel was systematically invest...
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