The Effect of the Length of Delivery Tubing to the Anesthetic Gas Concentration
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
52-55
Received:
30 November 2014
Accepted:
6 December 2014
Published:
18 December 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbse.20140206.11
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Abstract: In this study, it was investigated whether the gas concentration delivered to the patient, shows changes depending on the length of the delivery tubing or not. The length of delivery tubing is important during performance tests of anesthesia vaporizer, because it may be shortened or extended if it is required. But its material type and its width does not change. To investigate the effect of length of delivery tubing, the performance test of anesthesia vaporizer may be performed for the tubes with different lenghts. In this study, for 3 different length of delivery tubing (A: 48cm, B: 100cm and C: 150cm), sevoflurane and isoflurane concentration measurements were performed. Because 5 different vaporizers were measured for each length of delivery tubing, totally 30 measurements (15 isoflurane and 15 sevoflurane) were performed. For the concentration measurements, PF301 Flow analyser (imt medical-Switzerland) and OR703 Multi Gas analyser (IRMA AX) were used. Measurement procedure were obtained from Inspection and Preventive Maintenance System (IPM) of Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI). For sevoflurane; measurements were taken in the scale of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 8%, whereas for isoflurane, were taken in the scale of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Measurements were performed with an oxygen flow of 5L/min. The measurement results were investigated statistically and their mean and standard deviation were calculated. As a result, it was seen that, anesthesia vaporizers give concentrations close to each other, independently with the length of delivery tubing. There was no any gas absorption as like expected.
Abstract: In this study, it was investigated whether the gas concentration delivered to the patient, shows changes depending on the length of the delivery tubing or not. The length of delivery tubing is important during performance tests of anesthesia vaporizer, because it may be shortened or extended if it is required. But its material type and its width do...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Home to but do not Modulate Acute Renal Injury in a Canine Model
Gabr H.,
Abdel Aziz W. Y.,
Zahran M. E.,
Autaifi M. A.,
Aboul-Hassan G. M.,
Al-Akabawy G.,
Gomaa M.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
56-66
Received:
28 November 2014
Accepted:
23 December 2014
Published:
29 December 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbse.20140206.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Acute kidney injury (ARI) is a common clinical event that occurs in 5-35% of all hospitalized patients and is associated with a two- to five fold increased mortality risk., with no significant improvement on pharmacologic therapy. The need for better treatment strategies for ARI called for cellular based strategies aiming to regenerate damaged tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold special promise in attenuating kidney injury, since nephrons are largely of mesenchymal origin. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of bone marrow derived (MSCs) in regeneration of post-ischemic acute renal injury in mongrel dogs. Material and Methods: Fifteen adult male mongrel dogs were used in this study. Animals were divided into: Group I, normal group (3 dogs); Group II, nine dogs subjected to ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI) by clamping both renal pedicles for 60 minutes and not subjected to stem cell therapy which were further divided into: 6 dogs without sham injection, 3 sacrificed 3 days and 3 after 7 days after IRI and 3 dogs with sham injection sacrificed 7 days after IRI. and Group III (3 dogs) which underwent IRI and received systemic autologous MSC injection. This group underwent aspiration of 15-20 ml bone marrow from posterior iliac spine, mononuclear cell separation and MSC separation. MSCs were tagged by iron oxide and injected in a dose of 2million /kg systemically through the femoral vein. Evaluation of Therapeutic Effect: 1. Functional evaluation of renal functions using serum creatinine preoperative and 30 minutes, 1 day, 2days, 4days, 7days postoperative.2. Renal histology and injury scores: using H&E, PAS using morphometry. 3. Tracing of injected MSCs (homing) in renal tissues using Prussian blue staining . 4. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the apoptosis and proliferative capacity of MSCs using caspase3 and KI 67. Results: Bone marrow derived MSCs were found in the renal cortex and medulla, epithelial lining of the cortical tubules, glomeruli, the Bowman's space, in some peritubular capillaries and among the epithelial lining of the renal tubules of treated animals. However,MSCs did not undergo trans- differentiation to renal cells, There was no difference in the regeneration, apoptosis or proliferation between treated and non-treated animals. Conclusions: Injected MSCs homed to but did not affect regeneration of renal tissue after acute injury. Although MSCs did not prove to differentiate into renal tissue, they can be used as vehicles for cytokines or growth factors as they home to injured sites.
Abstract: Background: Acute kidney injury (ARI) is a common clinical event that occurs in 5-35% of all hospitalized patients and is associated with a two- to five fold increased mortality risk., with no significant improvement on pharmacologic therapy. The need for better treatment strategies for ARI called for cellular based strategies aiming to regenerate ...
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