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The Efficacy of Behavioral and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapies on Conduct Disorder Among Juvenile Delinquents in Selected Rehabilitation Schools in Kenya
Naomi James,
Maxwell Philip Omondi
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
1-9
Received:
11 November 2020
Accepted:
27 November 2020
Published:
12 January 2021
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of behavioral and rational emotive behavior therapies (REBT) on conduct disorder among juvenile delinquents. This was a quasi-experimental study design with Kabete Rehabilitation School representing the experimental group and Wamumu Rehabilitation School representing the control group. A total of 94 respondents aged between 13 and 17 years from Kabete and Wamumu rehabilitation schools in Kenya participated in the study (47 for each study arm). A socio-demographic questionnaire was administered, in addition to a self-administered Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL-YSR) Youth Self Report for ages 11-18 (2001) completed at baseline, midline (3 months post-intervention) and endline (6 months post intervention). CBCL is a standardized tool with a proven validity and reliability of 0.82. The two groups were comparable statistically with respect to key socio-demographic characteristics namely type of facility, age, employment status with the exception of class. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 (20). Presentations were done using profile plots and tables. The experimental group showed a steady decline in the mean CD scores over the study period from 19.96 (SD: 5.069) at baseline to mean of 8.26 (SD: 2.625) at end-line (p < 0.0001). The control group had a rather staggered decline from mean of 14.94 (SD: 3.953) at baseline to 11.81 (SD: 4.332) at end-line (P > 0.05). Difference-in-differences (DiD) model was used to determine the efficacy of the intervention at post-treatment one and post-treatment two. The DiD estimators at midline was -1.393 (p < 0.0001) and at end-line was -1.204 (p < 0.0001) after controlling for class. The study established a statistically significant reduction of conduct disorder symptoms from a mean of 19.96 at baseline to 8.26 at post-treatment two and this was significant at p<0.001, indicating the effectiveness of behavioral and REBT therapies in treating conduct disorder. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that behavioral and REBT therapies be integrated in the juveniles’ rehabilitation program.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of behavioral and rational emotive behavior therapies (REBT) on conduct disorder among juvenile delinquents. This was a quasi-experimental study design with Kabete Rehabilitation School representing the experimental group and Wamumu Rehabilitation School representing the control group. A ...
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Executive Functions in an Egyptian Sample of Adults with Generalized Epilepsy
Heba Samir Sherif,
Fouad Abulmakarim,
Nirmeen Adel Kishk
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
10-15
Received:
23 December 2020
Accepted:
13 January 2021
Published:
22 January 2021
Abstract: Epilepsy affects 65 million patients worldwide, Furthermore, Impacts of epilepsy are experienced across many aspects of an individual’s life, including mental and physical wellness, cognitive abilities, instructional performance, occupational roles, and social networks, Cognitive function is critical to the quality of life of patients with epilepsy, so this study considered executive functions in epilepsy patients. Epilepsy syndromes are divided into focal and generalized types, which is dependent on whether seizures emerge from a localized brain area or display a widespread involvement of both hemispheres from the outset. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the executive functions (EFs) (planning, cognitive flexibility, and working memory) in adults with generalized epilepsy. Materials and methods: A total of 25 adults aged 18 to 44 years with generalized epilepsy were recruited from the Epilepsy outpatient clinic of the Department of Neurology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital in Cairo. A similar amount of age- and sex-matched healthy volunteer’s controls (numbered 32) were included as a control group. The participants completed subtests from the Arabic version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults (Fourth Edition) including Digit Span, Arithmetic, Letter-Number Sequencing, and Block Design, as well as the Stroop Color-Word Test as a neuropsychological test. Results: Compared to the Control group Adults with generalized epilepsy exhibited poor performance in EFs - planning, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Conclusion: Adults with generalized epilepsy had impairment in planning, cognitive flexibility, and working memory which may affect their Quality of life.
Abstract: Epilepsy affects 65 million patients worldwide, Furthermore, Impacts of epilepsy are experienced across many aspects of an individual’s life, including mental and physical wellness, cognitive abilities, instructional performance, occupational roles, and social networks, Cognitive function is critical to the quality of life of patients with epilepsy...
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The Influence of Contemporary College Students' Makeup Behavior on Subjective Well-Being: The Intermediary Role of Appearance Anxiety
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
16-20
Received:
9 February 2021
Accepted:
25 February 2021
Published:
3 March 2021
Abstract: Objective: To explore the influence of contemporary college students' makeup behavior on subjective well-being. The intermediary role of appearance anxiety. Method: A survey of 344 college students was conducted using the appearance anxiety scale, makeup behavior questionnaire, and subjective well-being scale. Results: Make-up behavior, appearance anxiety, and subjective well-being were positively related, the more anxious people are about appearance, the more frequent the makeup behavior, and the higher the subjective well-being, subjective well-being is enhanced after the completion of Make-up behavior, but because of the expectation of being praised by the outside world and causing another nature of appearance anxiety. Conclusion: Make-up behavior, appearance anxiety, and subjective well-being are positively correlated, that is, the higher the degree of anxiety about appearance, the more frequent make-up behavior, the higher the requirements. The increase in make-up behavior will lead to more appearance anxiety, but this anxiety can improve subjective well-being may be due to a higher level of social comparison. In other words, when individuals expect to be praised or appreciated by the outside world, they will be more alert to their appearance, which may lead to another nature of appearance anxiety, when their appearance is recognized or better than the previous level of appearance. That is, benefit from make-up behavior, resulting in happiness.
Abstract: Objective: To explore the influence of contemporary college students' makeup behavior on subjective well-being. The intermediary role of appearance anxiety. Method: A survey of 344 college students was conducted using the appearance anxiety scale, makeup behavior questionnaire, and subjective well-being scale. Results: Make-up behavior, appearance ...
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The Interdependency of the Diction and MBTI Personality Type of Online Users
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
21-26
Received:
25 January 2021
Accepted:
25 February 2021
Published:
3 March 2021
Abstract: This paper offers insight into the 16 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality types and how they may affect the diction used by online users on social media platforms such as Twitter and YouTube. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator categorizes individuals who take the indicator test into one of 16 different personality types, and each of these types have distinct characteristics, from the simple Introverted versus Extraverted to Intuitive or Sensing, Feeling or Thinking, and Judging or Perceiving. These 4 sets of binary characteristics produce 16 different personalities that are often used to create general pictures or summaries about the individual who was assigned a certain personality type. The characteristics can, on occasion, even predict the potential actions of the individual based on their assigned personality type. This is what allows for the objective of this paper to be achieved - to use data analysis and machine learning to identify the number of times certain words were used by those of different personalities on online platforms, find patterns, and observe if the mechanic prediction of MBTI type based on words used in online posts is possible. The three machine-learning algorithms used to predict the personality types were the Naive Bayes, Gradient, and Random Forest algorithms, with a randomly-selected 80% of the data being used to train the algorithms and the remaining 20% being used to test the machine-learning for accuracy and specificity. This paper will analyze 433,750 total individual posts made online, along with the programming-processed data and the final results of the predictions, identifying which algorithm was most effective in predicting MBTI type and what future steps could be taken to increase accuracy and capacity.
Abstract: This paper offers insight into the 16 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality types and how they may affect the diction used by online users on social media platforms such as Twitter and YouTube. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator categorizes individuals who take the indicator test into one of 16 different personality types, and each of these t...
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Government’s Mass Mobilization in Administrative Reforms in Ho Chi Minh City Today
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
27-33
Received:
12 February 2021
Accepted:
1 March 2021
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: In this study, the author aims to explore the views, theories as well as practical issues about mass mobilization work in administrative reforms in the districts of Ho Chi Minh City. The author has proposed two hypotheses: Firstly, the awareness of the government’s mass mobilization of the districts in administrative reforms is a long-term and continuous process to improve the efficiency of organizations and improve the regime and administrative modes. Secondly, mass mobilization activities of the districts in administrative reforms have gained achievements and raised issues need to be addressed to improve administrative reforms of the districts to serve the lives of the people better. In this study, the author has used scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, interpretation and induction, generalization, logic, history, and comparison to come to the general conclusions on the government’s mass mobilization of the district authorities in administrative reforms in Ho Chi Minh city. The study has carried out in districts of Ho Chi Minh city. It has found that the government’s mass mobilization of the districts in Ho Chi Minh city contributed to the awareness of officials as well as the people about the city's administrative reforms, meeting the people's desire. It plays a very important part in the implementation of administrative procedure reforms; publicity and transparency of guidelines and policies; socio-economic development programs and projects in districts, revenues and expenditures from the budget and other sources. The author suggested that the government should promote mass mobilization work in administrative reforms across the country.
Abstract: In this study, the author aims to explore the views, theories as well as practical issues about mass mobilization work in administrative reforms in the districts of Ho Chi Minh City. The author has proposed two hypotheses: Firstly, the awareness of the government’s mass mobilization of the districts in administrative reforms is a long-term and cont...
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