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Pituitary Gland Assessment by MR Volumetry in the Normal Indian Adolescent Population
Deepti Naik,
Prashanth Reddy D.,
M. G. Srinath,
A. Ashok Kumar
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
105-109
Received:
10 October 2015
Accepted:
24 October 2015
Published:
3 November 2015
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to analyze the shapes and volumes of the pituitary gland as seen on magnetic resonance imaging using two different methods in the adolescent age group (10 to 19 years). The study was designed as a retrospective review. MRI brain was performed in 99 patients and pituitary volumes were calculated using voxel counting method and the ellipsoid formula. Pituitary shape was graded from one to five based on the surface curvature. The volume, height and shape of the pituitary in male and female patients were analyzed. The average pituitary volume by voxel counting method was found to be 0.54 cc ± 0.16 cc in both sexes, 0.51 ± 0.13 cc in males and 0.56 ± 0.19 cc in females. The average pituitary volume by ROI was found to be 0.42 cc ± 0.16 cc in both sexes, 0.40cc ± 0.15 cc in males and 0.43 cc ± 0.17 cc in females. The average pituitary height was 0.58 cm ± 0.15 cm in both sexes, 0.55 cm ± 0.16 cm in males and 0.60 cm ± 0.15 cm in females. The correlation coefficients between the two methods for concave shapes, for flat shapes and for convex shapes were 0.73, 0.76 and 0.60 with p values were 0.0007, 0.0007 and 0.0002 respectively. The average volume of the pituitary gland was 6% greater in females. There was a gradual increase in volume and height of pituitary gland with age. The two methods showed positive correlation which was statistically significant.
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to analyze the shapes and volumes of the pituitary gland as seen on magnetic resonance imaging using two different methods in the adolescent age group (10 to 19 years). The study was designed as a retrospective review. MRI brain was performed in 99 patients and pituitary volumes were calculated using voxel counting meth...
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In Situ Quantification and 3D Reconstruction of Thrombus in the Superficial Femoral Artery Disease Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Mehmet Cilingiroglu,
Massoud Leesar,
Taylor Hoyt,
Austin Mcelroy,
Thomas Milner,
Konstantinos Marmagkiolis,
Marc D. Feldman,
Vasili Lendel
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
110-113
Received:
16 October 2015
Accepted:
24 October 2015
Published:
10 November 2015
Abstract: Background: SFA disease accounts for approximately 40% of the symptomatic peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis both contribute in the progression of the peripheral arterial disease. Conventional angiography provides little information about the amount of the thrombus burden. Limited data exists on the use of OCT for the evaluation of PAD. Methods: We performed OCT in three patients with SFA disease who underwent peripheral angiogram from January 2011 – December 2014. Using custom-based imaging software we performed 3D reconstruction and quantification of intraluminal thrombus. Results: We identified thrombus formation in all three patients despite absence of evident thrombosis with invasive angiography. The length of the clot ranged from 12.6 - 47.7 mm and the volume from 11.19 - 43.26 mm3). Conclusion: Atherosclerosis and thrombosis both contribute in the progression of the peripheral arterial disease. OCT can accurately quantify the length and the volume of the clot burden. Larger studies are needed to assess their clinical importance in the prevention and management of PAD.
Abstract: Background: SFA disease accounts for approximately 40% of the symptomatic peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis both contribute in the progression of the peripheral arterial disease. Conventional angiography provides little information about the amount of the thrombus burden. Limited data exists on the use of OCT for the evaluat...
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Ultrasonography and CT Guided Percutaneous Renal Biopsy in Diagnosis of Renal Parenchymal Diseases
Atef Hammad Teama,
Kamal Mohamed Okasha,
Sameh Ahmed Khodair,
Rehab Mohamed EL-Nagar
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
114-129
Received:
23 October 2015
Accepted:
3 November 2015
Published:
19 November 2015
Abstract: Objective: to evaluate the role of US &CT guided percutanous renal biopsy (PRB) in diagnosis and monitoring of renal parenchymal diseases. Patients &Methods: This study included 30 patients who were presented by and/or known cases of renal parenchymal disease referred for US and/or CT guided PRB for etiological & histopathological diagnosis. The histopathological results were correlated with clinical, US & laboratory data for each patient. Results: Out of those 30 patients; 29 patients had adequate PRB (29/30) (96.7%) for histopatholgical diagnosis. Out of those 29 patients; 23 showed increase in renal cortical echogenicity (13 with GI, 8 with GII, &2 with GIII) & 6 cases showed normal echogenicity (G0). The lupus nephritis was the most accounted diagnosis (16/29) (55.2%)(7 with GI, 5 with GII, 4 with G0 cortical echogenicity). The glomerular changes were depicted in 25 cases (13 with GI, 7 with GII, 2 with GIII, 3 with G0), tubular changes in 21 cases (10 with GI, 7 with GII, 2 with GI, 2 with G0), and interstitial changes in 24 cases (12 with GI, 8 with GII, 2 with GIII, 2 with G0). Post biopsy complications (minor) were accounted only in 2 cases (2/30) (6.7%). Conclusions: Ultrasound PRB is the standard method for most non-focal renal biopsies as it has the advantage of real-time needle placement without radiation & fundamental procedure for diagnosis, monitoring &treatment of RPD. US and CT guided PRB is generally considered safe with minimal risk.
Abstract: Objective: to evaluate the role of US &CT guided percutanous renal biopsy (PRB) in diagnosis and monitoring of renal parenchymal diseases. Patients &Methods: This study included 30 patients who were presented by and/or known cases of renal parenchymal disease referred for US and/or CT guided PRB for etiological & histopathological diagnosis. The hi...
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The Sonographic Dimensions of the Liver at Normal Subjects Compared to Patients with Malaria
Moawia Gameraddin,
Amir Ali,
Mosleh Al-radaddi,
Mohaned Haleeb,
Sultan Alshoabi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
130-136
Received:
17 October 2015
Accepted:
10 November 2015
Published:
24 November 2015
Abstract: Determination of the liver size with ultrasound is an important process in patients with Malaria compared with the normal subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine the measurements of liver size by ultrasonography in patients with malaria compared with healthy Sudanese subjects in order to detect extend of liver enlargement. That is many tropical diseases which affect the liver size. The study population composed of 145 cases that had been selected to satisfy the study. They were 105 normal subjects (65 males 40 females) and 40 patients with Malaria from Capital Khartoum were undergone ultrasound examination of the liver. The normal subjects were divided into 5 groups according to their ages (5-102 years). The anteroposterior and craniocaudal dimensions in addition to liver span of the liver with its right and left lobes were measured using the routine ultrasonography and the mean values were recorded. Data was analyzed using statistical software program. There was highly significant difference of mean liver span of normal subjects and patients with Malaria (12.86 vs. 14.272, p-value= 0.000). The mean craniocaudal diameters of the right and left liver lobes were 11.932 ± 2.02 cm and 9.042 ± 2.09 cm for normal subjects and Malaria patients respectively. Highly significant difference existed between anterioposterior diameters of right lobes between the normal subjects and patients with Malaria (12.495 vs. 13.303, p-value= 0.000) There was no significant difference in anteroposterior and craniocaudal dimensions of the left lobe between the normal subjects and patients with Malaria (5.025cm vs. 5.020cm, p-value= 0.938 and 9.079cm vs. 9.042cm, p-value= 0.903). Height was found to have significant correlation for the liver span followed by weight in the normal subjects. Malaria might not have impact on the size of the left lobe. The study concluded that ultrasound is an effective imaging tool and provides valuable data of volumetric analysis of the liver and its lobes in normal subjects and patients with Malaria which is of importance in the daily practice in radiology clinics since it was helpful in diagnosis of hepatomegaly.
Abstract: Determination of the liver size with ultrasound is an important process in patients with Malaria compared with the normal subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine the measurements of liver size by ultrasonography in patients with malaria compared with healthy Sudanese subjects in order to detect extend of liver enlargement. That is many...
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Evaluation of Distribution Features of Bone Metastases by Bone Scintigraphy in Prostate Cancer
Ashraf Anas Zytoon,
Eman Abdel Razek Tawfek,
Adel Mohamed Elwakil,
Gilan Ibrahim Aladle
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
137-142
Received:
31 October 2015
Accepted:
10 November 2015
Published:
26 November 2015
Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the most common non-cutaneous malignancy for men, where an estimated 241,740 new cases will be diagnosed in 2013 in the United States [1]. Whereas most of those new diagnoses will be clinically localized, up to 17% of patients may experience metastatic disease, in which the risk of cancer- specific mortality is increased [2]. In this context, it is well established that, beyond regional lymph nodes, the skeleton represents the most common metastatic site [3].The study aims to evaluate the pattern of distribution of bone metastases in prostate cancer patients by 99mTc- methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy. It was formed in 150 patients with pathologically proven prostate cancer and presented for bone scans with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) for detection and evaluation of bone metastases. It was noted that patients with bone metastases had significantly higher frequency of bone pain when compared with patients without and noted that spine was the most commonly affected site (60.0 %) followed by ribs (52.0 %) and femur (30.0 %). Spread of bony metastases among the bony skeleton has distribution manner not only to the right or to the left. Metastatic bony lesions of prostate cancer are located mainly in spine (58.0%) followed by ribs (52.0 %) and femur (30.0 %). Patients with extensive bone metastasis had significantly higher frequency of skull, spine, scapula, humerous, sternum, ribs, iliac bone, ischium, and femur metastases
Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the most common non-cutaneous malignancy for men, where an estimated 241,740 new cases will be diagnosed in 2013 in the United States [1]. Whereas most of those new diagnoses will be clinically localized, up to 17% of patients may experience metastatic disease, in which the risk of cancer- specific mortality is incr...
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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Placental Thickness in Normal Singleton Pregnancies for Estimation of Gestation Age
Ridhi Adhikari,
Pravin Kumar Deka,
Ashok Tayal,
Pramod Kumar Chettri
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
143-147
Received:
28 November 2015
Accepted:
6 December 2015
Published:
25 December 2015
Abstract: Background: Use of ultrasonography is the most effective method to estimate the gestational age. Placental thickness can be used as a new parameter to estimate the gestational age of the fetus and to assess the growth pattern of the placenta with advancing gestational age. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study consisting 150 normal antenatal women who were assessed clinically at the Department of Obstetrics and Gyaenocology and referred to the Department of Radiology, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur for ultrasonography. Antenatal women of all gestational ages from 11 weeks to 40 weeks of gestation with normal singleton pregnancies were included in the study. Placental thickness value, in mm, was calculated by averaging the three best measurements for each case. Relationship of placental thickness (in mm), measured at the level of insertion of umbilical cord with advancing gestational age in weeks was studied. Correlation of mean placental thickness with gestational age from 11 weeks to 40 weeks was calculated. Results: It was observed that the placental thickness gradually increased from approximately 11 mm at 11 weeks to 38.33 mm at 40 weeks of gestation. From 11 to 34 weeks of gestation, the placental thickness (in mm) almost matched the gestational age in weeks, thereafter from 35 to 40 weeks; the placental thickness was lower by 1 to 2 mm. Conclusion: The relationship between the placental thickness and gestational age was linear and direct. Placental thickness (in mm) measurement can be an important additional parameter for estimating gestational age along with other parameters especially from 11 to 34 weeks of gestation.
Abstract: Background: Use of ultrasonography is the most effective method to estimate the gestational age. Placental thickness can be used as a new parameter to estimate the gestational age of the fetus and to assess the growth pattern of the placenta with advancing gestational age. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study consisting 150 normal ...
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