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Characterization of Urinary Bladder in Khat Chewing Yemeni Students Using Ultrasonography
Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla,
Caroline Edward Ayad,
Amin Mohsen Amer,
Amel AlGadal
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
10-13
Received:
3 February 2014
Published:
10 March 2014
Abstract: Khat is a natural stimulant from the Catha Edulis plant and is cultivated in the Republic of Yemen and certain areas of East Africa. Khat produces a modest degree of euphoria and slight hypomania. It results in insomnia and appears to improve the users' alertness and concentration. The main objective of this study was to determine ultrasound findings of urinary bladder among Yemeni khat chewers higher education students. Fifty khat chewers volunteers from higher Education levels were selected as cases, and twenty non-khat chewer volunteers at University level serving as control group. All of them were undergone urinary bladder ultrasound scan. This study revealed that the high frequency of students who chewed khat were from Dhamar area. The study showed that there is a linear relationship between the urinary bladder wall thickness and chewing Khat for years and hours and the residual urine volume is greater in students who chewed the Khat than the control group. Correlation is significant at the P=0.000 for chewing Khat for years and hours.
Abstract: Khat is a natural stimulant from the Catha Edulis plant and is cultivated in the Republic of Yemen and certain areas of East Africa. Khat produces a modest degree of euphoria and slight hypomania. It results in insomnia and appears to improve the users' alertness and concentration. The main objective of this study was to determine ultrasound findin...
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Dynamic Features Creating (Which Cause) the Blood Direction Inside the Left Ventricle
Mersedeh Karvandi,
Saeed Ranjbar,
Seyed Ahmad Hassantash
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
14-18
Received:
27 February 2014
Published:
20 March 2014
Abstract: Background: Demonstration of blood flow direction inside cardiac chambers can provide valuable information in normal subjects and pathologic cardiac processes. In our center we have already created a software able to generate the left ventricle (LV) model, the most important chamber of the heart. Method: The fundamental quantity that describes the motion of the fluid is represented by the vorticity defined as the tendency of fluid elements to spin; more precisely, vorticity can be related to rotation of fluid elements and the formation of circulatory areas. Quantitative parameters of the intra-ventricular vortex were also extracted on the basis of the vorticity. Result: In the left ventricle: blood flows through the mitral valve, hits the lateral left ventricular free wall, turbulences clockwise at the apex of the heart, hits the septal wall and flows towards the aortic valve. Conclusion: Technical points in our field of study can succeed us to gain a good understanding about the material. For blood flow direction inside the left ventricle, we can propose some tricky points: 1-Factors affecting blood direction inside the left ventricle? 2-Why does the blood flow at the present direction inside the left ventricle?
Abstract: Background: Demonstration of blood flow direction inside cardiac chambers can provide valuable information in normal subjects and pathologic cardiac processes. In our center we have already created a software able to generate the left ventricle (LV) model, the most important chamber of the heart. Method: The fundamental quantity that describes the ...
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Brief Communication: Mathematical Concepts of Mechanisms of Left Ventricular Myocardium
Mersedeh Karvandi,
Saeed Ranjbar,
Seyed Ahmad Hassantash,
Mahnoosh Foroughi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
19-23
Received:
21 February 2014
Published:
20 March 2014
Abstract: Background: How can mathematics help us to understand the mechanism of the cardiac motion? The best known approach is to take a mathematical model of the fibered structure, insert it into a more-or-less complex model of cardiac architecture, and then study the resulting fibers of activation that propagate through the myocardium. In our paper, we have attempted to create a novel software capable of demonstrate left ventricular (LV) model in normal hearts. Method: Echocardiography was performed on 70 healthy volunteers. Data evaluated included: velocity (radial, longitudinal, rotational and vector point), displacement (longitudinal and rotational), strain rate (longitudinal and circumferential) and strain (radial, longitudinal and circumferential) of all 16 LV myocardial segments. Using these data, force vectors of myocardial samples were estimated by MATLAB software, interfaced in the echocardiograph system. Dynamic orientation contraction (through the cardiac cycle) of every individual myocardial fiber could be created by adding together the sequential steps of the multiple fragmented sectors of that fiber. This way we attempted to mechanically illustrate the global LV model. Result: Our study shows that in normal cases myocardial fibers initiate from the posteriorbasal region of the heart, continues through the LV free wall, reaches the septum, loops around the apex, ascends, and ends at the superior-anterior edge of LV.Conclusion: We were able to define the whole LV myocardial model mathematically, by MATLAB software in normal subjects. This will enable physicians to diagnose and follow up many cardiac diseases when this software is interfaced within echocardiographic machines.
Abstract: Background: How can mathematics help us to understand the mechanism of the cardiac motion? The best known approach is to take a mathematical model of the fibered structure, insert it into a more-or-less complex model of cardiac architecture, and then study the resulting fibers of activation that propagate through the myocardium. In our paper, we ha...
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Mechanical Mitral Valve Modeling: Advancing the Field through Emerging Science
Mersedeh Karvandi,
Saeed Ranjbar,
Seyed Ahmad Hassantash
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
24-28
Received:
24 February 2014
Published:
30 March 2014
Abstract: Background: Successful mitral valve repair and replacement are dependent upon a full understanding of normal and abnormal mitral valve anatomy and function. The functional components of the mitral valve include: the left atrial wall, the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae, the papillary muscles, segments of the left ventricular myocardium. Abnormal anatomy or function of any one of these components can result in valvular dysfunction. We sought to assess the outcome of olden challenges of the mechanical behaviors of the mitral valve. Method: Much of our knowledge of abnormal mitral valve function is based on surgical and post-mortem studies while these studies are quantitative in some cases , they are limited by evaluation of valve anatomy in a fixed and nonfunctioning state. A more sophisticated analysis method is necessary to gain a full considerate of mitral valve function. Several groups attempted to model mitral valve anatomy and function by mathematical/physical equations. Result: Preliminary results concerning a different aspect of mitral valve leafletsbiomechanics, such as leaflets dynamics, displacements, thickness, stress and strain on leaflets. Conclusion: These data potentially allow the implementation of an image-based approach for patient-specific modeling of mitral valve leaflets. This approach could constitute the basis for accurate evaluation of mitral valve pathologic conditions and for the planning of surgical approaches.
Abstract: Background: Successful mitral valve repair and replacement are dependent upon a full understanding of normal and abnormal mitral valve anatomy and function. The functional components of the mitral valve include: the left atrial wall, the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae, the papillary muscles, segments of the left ventricular myocardium...
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The Role of Ultrasonography (US), Doppler US Artifacts and Elastography in the Detection of Foreign Bodies
Cemil Goya,
Alpaslan Yavuz,
Cihad Hamidi,
Mehmet Guli Cetincakmak,
Salih Hattapoglu,
Memik Teke
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
29-33
Received:
5 March 2014
Published:
30 March 2014
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study is to characterize the ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound artifact patterns of foreign bodies and to define the role of elastography in their detection. Material and method: Two in-vitro environments including a lamb leg and a lamb stomach coated with ultrasound gel, were prepared. Twenty-seven foreign bodies grouped as metallic, organic and inorganic were evaluated using the US, Doppler US and elastography imaging modalities. The B-mode US, Doppler US and spectral Doppler US images including their composed artifacts and the elastography findings were recorded. Results: US had detected all the foreign bodies located in both in-vitro environments. Clear and dirty shadowing was observed posteriorly to the foreign bodies and varying degrees of reverberation artifacts were present with 24 of the foreign bodies. Among the foreign bodies, 7 had twinkling artifacts, 23 had edge artifacts and 20 had spectral noise. Using power Doppler US, signals were received from the posterior aspect or the edge of 20 foreign bodies. The reverberation artifacts of the foreign bodies became more apparent in the elastography images. Conclusion: Knowledge of sonographic results along with ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound artifacts plays a key role in the detection and visualization of foreign bodies. Elastography further facilitates the diagnosis of the foreign bodies
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study is to characterize the ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound artifact patterns of foreign bodies and to define the role of elastography in their detection. Material and method: Two in-vitro environments including a lamb leg and a lamb stomach coated with ultrasound gel, were prepared. Twenty-seven foreign bodies grouped as...
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Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula
Mersedeh Karvandi,
Saeed Ranjbar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
34-38
Received:
5 March 2014
Accepted:
8 April 2014
Published:
10 April 2014
Abstract: Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are rare vascular malformations (PAVMs) of the lung that could lead to severe hypoxiemia due to right-to-left intrapulmonary shunts. They may occur as isolated entities or associated with Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome or hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). We study 3 patients with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease and a large arteriovenous malformation involving the left pulmonary artery. We describe the successful checking pulmonary arteriovenous fistula using echocardiographic speckle tracking and velocity vector imaging to rule out sources of cardiac shunts.
Abstract: Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are rare vascular malformations (PAVMs) of the lung that could lead to severe hypoxiemia due to right-to-left intrapulmonary shunts. They may occur as isolated entities or associated with Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome or hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). We study 3 patients with Rendu-Osler-Weber di...
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Color Doppler Blood Flow Indices of the Superior Mesenteric Artery as an Early Predictor of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
Sameh Ahmad Khodair,
Usama Elsaied Ghieda,
Sameh Abdallah Abdelnaby
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
39-43
Received:
26 March 2014
Accepted:
9 April 2014
Published:
10 April 2014
Abstract: Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common sever gastrointestinal emergency that affects premature newborns. It is often has a rapid onset with few signs that can be used to predict its occurrence. Its rapid onset and progression to morbidity and mortality initiates the researchers for seeking early diagnostic tools helping in detection infants at risk for development of the disease, for whom early preventive measures could be targeted. Previous studies have shown that high resistance patterns of mesenteric arterial Doppler flow velocimetry are associated with a significantly reduced tolerance to enteral feeding. Moreover, groups of infants deemed to be at increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis tended to have high resistance patterns of flow in the superior mesenteric artery. AIM: To evaluate the Doppler blood flow indices of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in pre-term neonates at risk for developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 52 preterm neonates, whose gestational age was less than 34 weeks. All of the neonates were subjected to clinical assessments, laboratory investigations and color Doppler flow evaluation of the SMA (including PSV, EDV, RI and PI) on the first day of life. Necrotizing enterocolitis was diagnosed and classified based on Bell's staging criteria with Walsh and Kliegman's modifications. Clinical management and diagnosis of NEC were performed blind to the Doppler results. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and P-values less than or equal to 0.05 were statistically significant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal threshold values of PSV, EDV, RI and PI, using MedCalc software, version 12.7.8.0. Results: The study included 52 preterm neonates, whose gestational age was less than 34 weeks. Twelve neonates (23%) developed NEC and were designated as group I, and the remaining 40 neonates (77%) were designated as group II. The median birth weights in groups I and II were 1000 and 1870 g, respectively, with a statistically significant difference of P < 0.05. Doppler indices of the SMA, peak systolic velocity (88.9 ±17 and 53 ±8.5 cm/s), end diastolic velocity (18.75±11.3 and 14.9±5.6 cm/s), resistive index (0.78±0.09 and 0.67±0.1) and pulsatility index (1.53±0.73 and 0.67 ± 0.15) were higher in group I than in group II, with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Preterm infants with high resistance patterns of blood flow velocity in the SMA on the first day of life were at increased risk for developing necrotizing enterocolitis
Abstract: Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common sever gastrointestinal emergency that affects premature newborns. It is often has a rapid onset with few signs that can be used to predict its occurrence. Its rapid onset and progression to morbidity and mortality initiates the researchers for seeking early diagnostic tools helping in detecti...
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