-
Evaluation of the Bioethanol Potential of Nauclea Latifolia (Sm.) Fruit Juice
Issiakou Mossi,
Cosme Sagbo Kouwanou,
Guévara Nonviho,
Mahouglo Barnabé Houessou,
Flora Adjahatode,
Papin Sourou Montcho,
Dominique Codjo Koko Sohounhloué
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
99-107
Received:
6 November 2018
Accepted:
26 November 2018
Published:
20 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20180606.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Commonly called African peach tree, the Nauclea latifolia (Sm.) of Rubiaceae family gives fruits twice a year. It is also a well known plant in sub-Saharan Africa in the traditional pharmacopoeia. The fruits of the African peach tree are one of the countless fruits of this continent which, in lethal period, are left in the nature where they rot, thus causing a big shortage to the farmers of our country and those of the sub-region West Africa. This is why the objective of this study is to promote the fruits of Nauclea latifolia (Sm.) through the bioconversion of their juice by fermentation into ethanol as biofuel. For this, different initial concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5g/l) of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and three strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference were used on the juice formulated to the proportion of 1.5L of distilled water per kilogram (1kg) of fruit. The monitoring of the parameters (pH, density and brix degree) of 4g/l urea-enriched juices, not only enriched revealed the performance of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in the alcoholic fermentation of the Nauclea latifolia (Sm.) fruit juice. From this work, it appears that the best efficiencies of bioethanol productivity of 122.4±0.4, 119.4±0.3 and 119.2±0.2ml/kg of fruit were obtained respectively from the enriched mashes with Thermal-tolerant alcohol (2 and 3g/l) and non-enriched must to Angel super alcohol (2g/l). This study shows that Saccharomyces cerevisiae's Thermal-tolerant alcohol and Angel super alcohol are more effective in the fermentation of Nauclea latifolia (Sm.) fruit juice into bioethanol.
Abstract: Commonly called African peach tree, the Nauclea latifolia (Sm.) of Rubiaceae family gives fruits twice a year. It is also a well known plant in sub-Saharan Africa in the traditional pharmacopoeia. The fruits of the African peach tree are one of the countless fruits of this continent which, in lethal period, are left in the nature where they rot, th...
Show More
-
Determination of Iron Oxide Content in Bauxites Using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry by Pressing: A Comparative Study with Spectrophotometric Method
Dragana Blagojevic,
Dragica Lazic,
Dragana Keselj,
Zoran Obrenovic,
Gordana Ostojic
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
108-114
Received:
31 October 2018
Accepted:
26 November 2018
Published:
2 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20180606.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Bauxite is the primary ore for aluminum extraction. In order to assess the quality of bauxite, it is important to determine not only the content of Al2O3 but the content of Fe2O3 as well. Determining the composition of bauxite is very important from the aspect of determining the quality of bauxite. Therefore, it is important to use a method that is fast, accurate, and precise. In this paper the results of the comparison of two methods are presented. Bauxites of different deposits were analysed for their content of Fe2O3 (mass %), using the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and reference spectrophotometric method MA. B. M.018. The samples were annealed prior to the process, and beads were prepared by pressing for the purpose of the analysis. Certified reference samples of bauxite were used for producing a calibration curve. The equation for calculating the content of Fe2O3 (mass %) in the samples of bauxite was derived from the calibration curve, which was obtained with the coefficient of correlation r = 0.9989 and the standard deviation S = 3.4420. The XRF method was statistically verified by the F-test and t-test (using the standard sample of the bauxite and the reference method). The values obtained from the mentioned tests showed that the XRF method was imprecise and inaccurate for determination of iron oxide in bauxite, when the samples was prepared by pressing.
Abstract: Bauxite is the primary ore for aluminum extraction. In order to assess the quality of bauxite, it is important to determine not only the content of Al2O3 but the content of Fe2O3 as well. Determining the composition of bauxite is very important from the aspect of determining the quality of bauxite. Therefore, it is important to use a method that is...
Show More
-
Influence of Salt on the Biochemical Characteristics of Fermented, Salty and Dried Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Benin
Chimène Agrippine Rodogune Yelouassi,
Pierre Dossou-Yovo,
Nicolas Jacquet,
Aurore Richel
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
115-122
Received:
27 November 2018
Accepted:
11 December 2018
Published:
2 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20180606.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The aim of the current study is to assess the influence of salt on the chemical composition of fermented, salty and dry catfish (lanhouin) in Benin. Different flours of fish were produced and their chemical composition was evaluated based on conventional methods of analysis. From the results obtained, the Catfish is rich in dry matter (76.640 ± 0.162 to 88.050 ± 0.085%), total ash (3.660 ± 0.064 to 23.000 ± 0.020%), total protein (5.425 ± 0.194 to 64.405 ± 1.785%) and total lipids (11.495 ± 0.009 to 1 7.875 ± 0.357%). Essential amino acids are in abundance in the fermented catfish. From the quantitative point of view, it was noticed that at high concentration (salting to more than 20%) salt is the chemical composition of the catfish. This resulted in the decrease of makers in lipids, protein and amino acids on the one hand, and on the other hand, by the high concentration of markers in dry matter and total ash. Statistical analyses showed a significant difference with of protein, ash, dry matter and amino acids; where as lipids there is no significant difference at 5%. Qualitatively, the catfish contains all nutrients (proteins, amino acids, lipids, etc.).
Abstract: The aim of the current study is to assess the influence of salt on the chemical composition of fermented, salty and dry catfish (lanhouin) in Benin. Different flours of fish were produced and their chemical composition was evaluated based on conventional methods of analysis. From the results obtained, the Catfish is rich in dry matter (76.640 ± 0.1...
Show More
-
Facts from the Early Years of the History of Combinatorial Chemistry
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
123-130
Received:
22 November 2018
Accepted:
14 December 2018
Published:
10 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20180606.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Looking into the combinatorial chemistry literature one can see that it is still mostly believed that the first combinatorial synthesis was invented by several groups exactly at the same time. In fact the principles of combinatorial chemistry, that is, synthesis of large number, even millions, of compounds and then by applying a proper deconvolution method identify the useful components, was invented, first described and notarized as early as 1982 by the Author of this article. The first publication of the synthetic method was in 1988. In February 1990 the manuscript of an article also describing the combinatorial split-mix synthesis was submitted to the International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research that appeared after a one and a half year delay. In this period four patent applications were filed, two conference lectures, two Nature papers and a book chapter were submitted then published. The editor in chief of the mentioned journal was among the authors of one patent application, one lecture, one Nature article and a book chapter. The evidences described below will hopefully convince the readers that the inventions in the patent submissions and in the mentioned publications were all 2-3 years earlier described in our 1988 publications and these publications were known by the authors.
Abstract: Looking into the combinatorial chemistry literature one can see that it is still mostly believed that the first combinatorial synthesis was invented by several groups exactly at the same time. In fact the principles of combinatorial chemistry, that is, synthesis of large number, even millions, of compounds and then by applying a proper deconvolutio...
Show More
